{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSERPINA12, commonly known as vaspin, is an adipokine predominantly secreted from visceral adipose tissue that exhibits insulin‐sensitizing properties. First identified in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes and later confirmed in human studies, vaspin expression is upregulated in obesity and correlates with impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Its production appears to be regulated in a fat depot–specific manner, suggesting a compensatory role aimed at counteracting diminished insulin signaling and inflammation in obesity‐related states. Elevated circulating vaspin levels have been associated with various metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular risk factors, supporting its potential as both a biomarker and a modulator in these disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "22"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its endocrine actions, vaspin exhibits a direct cellular role as a serine protease inhibitor that has been shown to target enzymes such as human kallikrein 7, thereby protecting circulating insulin from proteolytic degradation. In various cell types—including adipocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and osteoblasts—vaspin attenuates inflammatory responses and apoptosis by modulating signaling pathways such as PI3‐kinase/Akt and MAPK/ERK. These activities contribute to improved insulin signaling and cellular survival while reducing proinflammatory cytokine production; such effects have been observed in conditions ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome to psoriasis, underscoring its multifaceted role in mitigating tissue injury related to metabolic stress."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "23", "end_ref": "34"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFurthermore, genetic studies have linked polymorphisms in the SERPINA12 gene with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in assay technologies, including aptamer‐based lateral flow systems, now allow for sensitive and rapid detection of circulating vaspin levels, paving the way for its use as a predictive biomarker. Collectively, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting vaspin to ameliorate obesity‐related inflammation, insulin resistance, and even reproductive and cardiovascular complications, thereby establishing SERPINA12/vaspin as a promising new focal point in the management of metabolic disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "35"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nora Klöting, Janin Berndt, Susan Kralisch, et al. 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