{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSFMBT2 functions as an epigenetic regulator that modulates gene expression by interacting with key transcription factors and repressive chromatin marks. In prostate cancer, for instance, SFMBT2 associates with YY1 and methylated histones to repress target genes such as HOXB13, and its loss leads to de‐repression of pro‐migratory matrix metalloproteinases and decreased expression of metastasis suppressors like KAI1. Notably, reduced SFMBT2 expression correlates with increased cellular migration, invasion, and poor clinical outcomes in both prostate cancer and clear cell renal cell carcinoma."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the context of cartilage biology, SFMBT2 plays a vital role in maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis. It acts as a positive regulator of SOX9, a master transcription factor in chondrogenesis, thereby promoting the expression of cartilage matrix genes. High levels of SFMBT2 during early cartilage development foster an anabolic environment, whereas its downregulation triggers a catabolic phenotype characterized by reduced COL2A1 and increased levels of matrix-degrading enzymes through activation of the NF-κB pathway—a process closely linked to osteoarthritis pathogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its protein form, circular RNA isoforms derived from SFMBT2 (circ‐SFMBT2) have emerged as important regulators in various disease models. In acute myeloid leukemia and glioma, circ‐SFMBT2 has been implicated in controlling cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by acting as a molecular sponge for specific microRNAs (e.g., miR-182-5p), thereby reinstating the expression of metastasis suppressor genes. Similar mechanistic insights were obtained in studies investigating vascular smooth muscle cell behavior, underscoring the versatility of SFMBT2-derived circular RNAs as potential therapeutic targets across multiple pathologies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kwanghyun Lee, Wonho Na, Je-Heon Maeng, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SFMBT2 positively regulates SOX9 and chondrocyte proliferation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Med (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijmm.2018.3894"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3894"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30272322"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30272322"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Safdar Hussain, Mengyao Sun, Zixin Min, et al. 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