{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSecreted frizzled‐related protein 5 (SFRP5) acts as an endogenous Wnt antagonist with a multifaceted role in tumor biology. In ovarian cancer, SFRP5 is frequently downregulated via promoter hypermethylation, leading to enhanced Wnt signaling, promotion of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased chemoresistance. Similar tumor‐suppressive functions of SFRP5 have been documented in hepatocellular carcinoma, where its restoration dampens Wnt pathway activity to inhibit tumor growth and reverse EMT. In addition, aberrant methylation of SFRP5 is associated with adverse outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia and breast cancer, while in gastric cancer SFRP5 derived from epithelial cells counteracts macrophage‐derived Wnt5a–induced cell migration through inhibition of JNK signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn metabolic contexts, SFRP5 is secreted by adipocytes and functions as an anti‐inflammatory adipokine that links obesity to metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. By antagonizing the proinflammatory actions of Wnt5a, SFRP5 helps to curb the production of inflammatory cytokines and improve glucose homeostasis. Clinical studies have demonstrated that circulating levels of SFRP5 correlate with favorable cardiometabolic profiles, suggesting its potential utility both as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target in obesity‐related metabolic dysregulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMoreover, recent investigations have highlighted a role for SFRP5 in the regulation of myocardial fibrosis. In the aftermath of myocardial infarction, noncoding RNA networks (e.g., the circ_LAS1L/miR-125b axis) modulate SFRP5 expression, thereby inhibiting cardiac fibroblast activation, proliferation, and migration. 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