{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSGO2 is a critical centromeric protein that orchestrates multiple aspects of faithful chromosome segregation. In mitotic cells, SGO2 is phosphorylated by Aurora B at distinct regions, a modification that distinctively promotes its binding to PP2A for centromeric protection of cohesin and to MCAK for the regulation of chromosome congression. In addition, SGO2 can form a complex with MAD2, thereby acting as a competitive inhibitor of separase—a function that becomes especially important when the canonical separase inhibitor, securin, is absent. This multiplicity of roles safeguards accurate sister chromatid separation even under conditions of perturbed mitosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its functions in mitosis, SGO2 is essential in germ cells where it maintains cohesin integrity during meiosis. Loss-of-function mutations in SGO2 have been associated with primary ovarian insufficiency, suggesting that SGO2 is critical for fertility. Furthermore, additional regulatory mechanisms involving the chaperone SET underscore the importance of precisely timed SGO2 eviction from centromeres to facilitate proper chromatid resolution during cell division. Such mechanisms highlight a complex network that governs SGO2 activity via interactions with other key regulators, including PP2A antagonism."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAberrant expression and function of SGO2 have also been implicated in oncogenesis. Elevated SGO2 levels have been observed in gliomas and hepatocellular carcinoma, where SGO2 expression correlates with higher tumor grades and poorer survival outcomes. In prostate cancer models, SGO2 has been shown to stabilize RAB1A by inhibiting its ubiquitination, thereby promoting cell proliferation, migration, and modulating the tumor microenvironment. These findings collectively not only reinforce the centrality of SGO2 in regulating cell division but also spotlight its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target across a range of malignancies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuji Tanno, Tomoya S Kitajima, Takashi Honda, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations of SGO2 and CLDN14 collectively cause coincidental Perrault syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Genet (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/cge.12867"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.12867"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27629923"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27629923"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Swathi Krishnan, Arne H Smits, Michiel Vermeulen, et al. 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