| HGNC Family | Sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins (SIGLECs), Immunoglobulin superfamily domain containing |
| Name | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 16 (gene/pseudogene) |
| Description | Predicted to enable sialic acid binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of defense response to bacterium and positive regulation of interleukin-6 production. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSIGLEC16 is an activating member of the Siglec family that forms a paired receptor system with the inhibitory receptor SIGLEC11. This receptor is expressed in various tissues—including CD14(+) macrophages, the brain, and epithelial tissues such as in the oesophagus and lung—and it functions through association with the ITAM-bearing adaptor DAP12. Notably, SIGLEC16 displays genetic polymorphism, with both a wild‐type allele and a non‐functional (4 bp deletion) variant present at equal frequencies in certain populations."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the context of pathogen interactions, SIGLEC16 engagement enhances the elimination of bacteria by counterbalancing the inhibitory signals mediated by its partner SIGLEC11. Specifically, in human microglia and macrophages, the activation via SIGLEC16 increases proinflammatory cytokine expression and bacterial killing—a response that was further validated using a chimeric model in mice where the activating module of SIGLEC16 was inserted, thereby boosting immunity against bacteria that use polysialic acid capsules to mimic host ligands."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the tumor microenvironment, particularly in glioblastoma, SIGLEC16 may influence disease outcome by modulating the activity of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages. Here, interactions between tumor-associated polysialic acid and the paired immune receptors SIGLEC11/SIGLEC16 are implicated in regulating inflammatory responses. Given that a sizable proportion of the population carries a nonfunctional SIGLEC16 allele, the variable expression of this activating receptor might affect the balance of immune cell activation and, consequently, glioblastoma progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Huan Cao, Ursula Lakner, Bernard de Bono, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SIGLEC16 encodes a DAP12-associated receptor expressed in macrophages that evolved from its inhibitory counterpart SIGLEC11 and has functional and non-functional alleles in humans."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Immunol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/eji.200738078"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200738078"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18629938"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18629938"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Flavio Schwarz, Corinna S Landig, Shoib Siddiqui, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Paired Siglec receptors generate opposite inflammatory responses to a human-specific pathogen."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO J (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.15252/embj.201695581"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201695581"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28100677"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28100677"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hauke Thiesler, Lina Gretenkort, Leonie Hoffmeister, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation by the Polysialic Acid-Siglec-16 Axis Is Linked to Increased Survival of Patients with Glioblastoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-1488"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-1488"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37058255"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37058255"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | SIGLEC-P16, SIGLECP16 |
| Proteins | SIG16_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 400709 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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SIGLEC16 has 1,532 functional associations with biological entities spanning 6 categories (molecular profile, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 42 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for SIGLEC16 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with SIGLEC16 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SIGLEC16 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of SIGLEC16 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of SIGLEC16 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas | gene perturbations changing expression of SIGLEC16 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing SIGLEC16 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with SIGLEC16 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with SIGLEC16 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at SIGLEC16 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SIGLEC16 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of SIGLEC16 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with SIGLEC16 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing SIGLEC16 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving SIGLEC16 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving SIGLEC16 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of SIGLEC16 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of SIGLEC16 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by SIGLEC16 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting SIGLEC16 gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of SIGLEC16 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of SIGLEC16 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving SIGLEC16 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving SIGLEC16 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving SIGLEC16 protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving SIGLEC16 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at SIGLEC16 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 | transcription factors regulating expression of SIGLEC16 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of SIGLEC16 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of SIGLEC16 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations | cell types with high or low expression of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of SIGLEC16 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of SIGLEC16 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with SIGLEC16 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
