{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSiglec‐9 is a sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin that plays a central role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. On natural killer cells, its expression marks a mature, cytotoxic subset with enhanced chemotactic properties, while in T cells its engagement interferes with T‑cell receptor signaling. In neutrophils, Siglec‑9 engagement can trigger both apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death and dampen oxidative responses, for example, upon interactions with sialylated bacterial capsular polysaccharides or endothelial ligands, thereby modulating inflammation and host defense. In myeloid cells and dendritic cells, its ligation shifts cytokine profiles (reducing tumor necrosis factor–α while enhancing interleukin‑10) and influences the tumor microenvironment by interacting with aberrantly glycosylated mucins. These studies collectively illustrate Siglec‑9’s function as an inhibitory checkpoint on NK cells, T cells, neutrophils, and antigen‐presenting cells in cancer and infection settings."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its cell surface inhibitory activity, structural and evolutionary studies have revealed that human Siglec‑9 has adapted a unique sialic acid recognition profile compared with its primate counterparts, reflecting its ability to bind Neu5Ac‐based self‐ligands. Detailed analyses of its extracellular domains demonstrate that the amino‐terminal V domain mediates sialic acid binding, while a distinct, adjacent domain modulates interactions with partners such as vascular adhesion protein‑1, thereby influencing enzymatic activity and cell trafficking. In addition, soluble forms of Siglec‑9 and natural autoantibodies targeting it have emerged as potential immunomodulatory tools, and innovative strategies utilizing Siglec‑9–based chimeric antigen receptors in engineered T cells are being explored to target hypersialylated tumor antigens. These insights underscore its translational relevance in cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory diseases."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "16", "end_ref": "27"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nEmerging evidence also implicates Siglec‑9 in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Altered expression levels and polymorphisms of Siglec‑9—both at the cell surface and in soluble form—correlate with disease severity in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, glioblastoma, and rheumatoid arthritis. In these contexts, modulation of Siglec‑9 signaling appears to contribute to either immunosuppressive environments that favor tumor progression or, conversely, to excessive inflammatory responses. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting Siglec‑9–mediated pathways to rebalance immune responses in diverse clinical settings."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "28"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuzuru Ikehara, Sanae Kabata Ikehara, James C Paulson "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling by Siglec-7 (p70/AIRM) and Siglec-9."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M403538200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M403538200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15292262"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15292262"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stephan von Gunten, Shida Yousefi, Michael Seitz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Siglec-9 transduces apoptotic and nonapoptotic death signals into neutrophils depending on the proinflammatory cytokine environment."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2004-10-4112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-10-4112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15827126"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15827126"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bjoern Biedermann, Diana Gil, David T Bowen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Analysis of the CD33-related siglec family reveals that Siglec-9 is an endocytic receptor expressed on subsets of acute myeloid leukemia cells and absent from normal hematopoietic progenitors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Leuk Res (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.leukres.2006.05.026"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2006.05.026"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16828866"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16828866"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Munetoshi Ando, Wenjie Tu, Ken-Ichi Nishijima, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Siglec-9 enhances IL-10 production in macrophages via tyrosine-based motifs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18325328"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18325328"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aaron F Carlin, Satoshi Uchiyama, Yung-Chi Chang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular mimicry of host sialylated glycans allows a bacterial pathogen to engage neutrophil Siglec-9 and dampen the innate immune response."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2008-11-187302"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-11-187302"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19196661"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19196661"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mariko Ohta, Akiko Ishida, Munetoyo Toda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Immunomodulation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells through ligation of tumor-produced mucins to Siglec-9."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.079"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.079"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20971061"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20971061"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shuhei Tanida, Kaoru Akita, Akiko Ishida, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Binding of the sialic acid-binding lectin, Siglec-9, to the membrane mucin, MUC1, induces recruitment of β-catenin and subsequent cell growth."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.471318"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.471318"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24045940"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24045940"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Camilla Jandus, Kayluz Frias Boligan, Obinna Chijioke, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interactions between Siglec-7/9 receptors and ligands influence NK cell-dependent tumor immunosurveillance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI65899"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI65899"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24569453"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24569453"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heinz Läubli, Oliver M T Pearce, Flavio Schwarz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Engagement of myelomonocytic Siglecs by tumor-associated ligands modulates the innate immune response to cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1409580111"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409580111"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25225409"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25225409"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hiroshi Higuchi, Toru Shoji, Shinji Iijima, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Constitutively expressed Siglec-9 inhibits LPS-induced CCR7, but enhances IL-4-induced CD200R expression in human macrophages."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biosci Biotechnol Biochem (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/09168451.2016.1146070"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2016.1146070"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26923638"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26923638"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Richard Beatson, Virginia Tajadura-Ortega, Daniela Achkova, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The mucin MUC1 modulates the tumor immunological microenvironment through engagement of the lectin Siglec-9."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Immunol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ni.3552"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3552"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27595232"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27595232"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anel Lizcano, Ismael Secundino, Simon Döhrmann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins engage Siglec-9 on neutrophils to suppress activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2016-11-751636"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-11-751636"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28416510"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28416510"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michal A Stanczak, Shoib S Siddiqui, Marcel P Trefny, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Self-associated molecular patterns mediate cancer immune evasion by engaging Siglecs on T cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI120612"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI120612"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30130255"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30130255"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Quentin Haas, Kayluz Frias Boligan, Camilla Jandus, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Siglec-9 Regulates an Effector Memory CD8"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "+"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": " T-cell Subset That Congregates in the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Immunol Res (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0505"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0505"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30988027"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30988027"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zachary M Kiser, Anel Lizcano, Julia Nguyen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Decreased erythrocyte binding of Siglec-9 increases neutrophil activation in sickle cell disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood Cells Mol Dis (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102399"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102399"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31901888"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31901888"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Justin L Sonnenburg, Tasha K Altheide, Ajit Varki "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A uniquely human consequence of domain-specific functional adaptation in a sialic acid-binding receptor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glycobiology (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/glycob/cwh039"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwh039"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14693915"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14693915"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tony Avril, Helen Floyd, Frederic Lopez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The membrane-proximal immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif is critical for the inhibitory signaling mediated by Siglecs-7 and -9, CD33-related Siglecs expressed on human monocytes and NK cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6841"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6841"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15557178"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15557178"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stephan von Gunten, Hans-Uwe Simon "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Natural anti-Siglec autoantibodies mediate potential immunoregulatory mechanisms: implications for the clinical use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Autoimmun Rev (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.autrev.2008.03.015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2008.03.015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18558361"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18558361"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jennifer A Belisle, Sachi Horibata, Gubbels A A Jennifer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of Siglec-9 as the receptor for MUC16 on human NK cells, B cells, and monocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cancer (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1476-4598-9-118"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-9-118"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20497550"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20497550"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kyung Ah Cheong, Yoon-Seok Chang, Joo Young Roh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel function of Siglec-9 A391C polymorphism on T cell receptor signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int Arch Allergy Immunol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1159/000320225"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000320225"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20733319"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20733319"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thomas Nerreter, Christoph Köchel, Daniel Jesper, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dasatinib enhances migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells by reducing phosphorylation of inhibitory immune receptors Siglec-9 and Siglec-3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Hematol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.exphem.2014.05.010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2014.05.010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24882272"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24882272"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heli Elovaara, Vimal Parkash, Ruth Fair-Mäkelä, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Multivalent Interactions of Human Primary Amine Oxidase with the V and C22 Domains of Sialic Acid-Binding Immunoglobulin-Like Lectin-9 Regulate Its Binding and Amine Oxidase Activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0166935"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166935"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27893774"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27893774"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sara Meril, Ortal Harush, Yishai Reboh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Targeting glycosylated antigens on cancer cells using siglec-7/9-based CAR T-cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Carcinog (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/mc.23213"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.23213"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32391973"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32391973"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fen Zhao, Hui Tian, Yungang Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LINC01004-SPI1 axis-activated SIGLEC9 in tumor-associated macrophages induces radioresistance and the formation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Immunol Immunother (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00262-022-03364-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-022-03364-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36688997"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36688997"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pratima Saini, Opeyemi S Adeniji, Devivasha Bordoloi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Siglec-9 Restrains Antibody-Dependent Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "mBio (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/mbio.03393-22"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03393-22"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36728420"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36728420"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan Mei, Xiumei Wang, Ji Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Siglec-9 acts as an immune-checkpoint molecule on macrophages in glioblastoma, restricting T-cell priming and immunotherapy response."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cancer (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s43018-023-00598-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-023-00598-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37460871"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37460871"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Linyang Ge, Nan Wang, Zi Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of Siglec-9 in peripheral blood neutrophils was increased and associated with disease severity in patients with AECOPD."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cytokine (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156558"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156558"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38412768"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38412768"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yi Jia, Huifeng Yu, Steve M Fernandes, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of ligands for Siglec-8 and Siglec-9 in human airways and airway cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Allergy Clin Immunol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.004"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.004"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25747723"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25747723"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "X Wang, D Liu, Y Ning, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Siglec-9 is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and suppresses collagen-induced arthritis through reciprocal regulation of Th17-/Treg-cell differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Scand J Immunol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/sji.12543"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.12543"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28273363"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28273363"}]}]}]}