SLC38A1 Gene

HGNC Family	Solute carriers (SLC)
Name	solute carrier family 38, member 1
Description	Amino acid transporters play essential roles in the uptake of nutrients, production of energy, chemical metabolism, detoxification, and neurotransmitter cycling. SLC38A1 is an important transporter of glutamine, an intermediate in the detoxification of ammonia and the production of urea. Glutamine serves as a precursor for the synaptic transmitter, glutamate (Gu et al., 2001 [PubMed 11325958]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSLC38A1, also known as SNAT1, is a sodium‐dependent transporter that mediates the uptake of glutamine and other neutral amino acids, thereby fueling anabolic processes and energy production. Multiple studies have shown that its enhanced expression underpins metabolic reprogramming in various cancers. For example, in HeLa cervical cancer and osteosarcoma cells SLC38A1, together with the related transporter SNAT2, is essential for net glutamine uptake even when other transporters are ablated, and its up‐regulation is associated with augmented cell viability, proliferation, migration, and tumor progression in breast, hepatocellular, gastric, colorectal, and acute myeloid leukemia cells, as well as in cervical and cholangiocarcinomas. These findings highlight its emerging role as both a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in glutamine‐addicted tumors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its metabolic role, the expression and activity of SLC38A1 are tightly regulated by several molecular mechanisms. Adaptive up-regulation can occur upon amino acid shortage or compensatory loss of other transporters, as observed in placental trophoblasts and other cell types. Epigenetic and transcriptional controls also contribute: for instance, insulin signaling modulates SLC38A1 expression through down-regulation of specific microRNAs, while m6A methylation mediated by METTL3 (and subsequent stabilization by IGF2BP3) as well as direct transcriptional activation by CENPA further drive its expression. Altered SLC38A1 levels have been linked not only to tumor aggressiveness but also to cytoarchitectural and functional abnormalities in the brain—suggesting a role in neuropsychiatric disorders—as well as to reduced transporter activity in mesenchymal stromal cells under conditions of amino acid deprivation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these studies underscore the multifaceted clinical significance of SLC38A1. Its overexpression is frequently correlated with advanced tumor stage, metastasis, and poor patient survival, making it an attractive candidate for targeted intervention. Inhibiting SLC38A1 function—either directly or via its downstream metabolic pathways—may disrupt the glutamine-dependent metabolic circuitry essential for tumor cell growth and viability and thus represents a promising avenue for therapeutic development, particularly in cancers characterized by glutamine addiction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Angelika Bröer, Farid Rahimi, Stefan Bröer "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Deletion of Amino Acid Transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) Reveals an Essential Role for Transporters SNAT1 (SLC38A1) and SNAT2 (SLC38A2) to Sustain Glutaminolysis in Cancer Cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M115.700534"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.700534"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27129276"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27129276"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kuo Wang, Fang Cao, Wenzheng Fang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activation of SNAT1/SLC38A1 in human breast cancer: correlation with p-Akt overexpression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2407-13-343"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-13-343"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23848995"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23848995"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nobuo Kondoh, Nobuo Imazeki, Masaaki Arai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activation of a system A amino acid transporter, ATA1/SLC38A1, in human hepatocellular carcinoma and preneoplastic liver tissues."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Oncol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17549407"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17549407"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing Xie, Ping Li, Hui-Feng Gao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overexpression of SLC38A1 is associated with poorer prognosis in Chinese patients with gastric cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Gastroenterol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-230X-14-70"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-14-70"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24712400"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24712400"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fen-Fang Zhou, Wei Xie, Shuang-Qian Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SLC38A1 promotes proliferation and migration of human colorectal cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s11596-017-1690-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-017-1690-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28224429"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28224429"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan Li, Haigang Shao, Zhenzhen Da, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "High expression of SLC38A1 predicts poor prognosis in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Physiol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcp.28632"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.28632"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31344987"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31344987"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wen-long Yu, Wen-ming Cong, Yongjie Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overexpression of ATA1/SLC38A1 predicts future recurrence and death in Chinese patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Surg Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jss.2010.03.049"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.03.049"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20605601"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20605601"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hai-Ting Liu, Yun Zhao, Hong-Cai Wang, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exacerbated vulnerability to oxidative stress in astrocytic C6 glioma cells with stable overexpression of the glutamine transporter slc38a1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurochem Int (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuint.2011.01.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2011.01.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21219957"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21219957"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chibuike G Iruloh, Stephen W D'Souza, William D Fergusson, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miRNA-432 and SLC38A1 as Predictors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Complicated with Alcoholic Steatohepatitis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oxid Med Cell Longev (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1155/2022/4832611"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4832611"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35663198"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35663198"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	NAT2, ATA1, SNAT1
Proteins	S38A1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	81539
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

SLC38A1 has 17,496 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 121 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for SLC38A1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

SLC38A1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of SLC38A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with SLC38A1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with SLC38A1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SLC38A1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of SLC38A1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of SLC38A1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of SLC38A1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing SLC38A1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing SLC38A1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with SLC38A1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with SLC38A1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of SLC38A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with SLC38A1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with SLC38A1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SLC38A1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of SLC38A1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by SLC38A1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with SLC38A1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with SLC38A1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SLC38A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with SLC38A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at SLC38A1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SLC38A1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of SLC38A1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing SLC38A1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SLC38A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SLC38A1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SLC38A1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with SLC38A1 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing SLC38A1 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of SLC38A1 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.