HGNC Family | Parkinson disease associated genes (PARK) |
Name | synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor) |
Description | Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016] |
Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlpha‐synuclein (SNCA) normally acts as a dynamic modulator of synaptic function. In its physiological state, SNCA predominantly exists as a folded tetramer with α‐helical structure that binds lipids with high affinity, thereby sustaining neurotransmitter release by directly chaperoning SNARE‐complex assembly and ensuring efficient synaptic vesicle recycling. Furthermore, SNCA is subject to regulated degradation via chaperone‐mediated autophagy and other lysosomal pathways, and redox‐sensitive chaperones such as DJ-1 modulate its conformation and prevent misfolding in an oxidative environment. These coordinated processes maintain a compact, soluble configuration that protects against spontaneous aggregation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast, pathogenic modifications of SNCA dramatically alter its biophysical properties. Phosphorylation—most notably at Ser129—and other post-translational changes such as ubiquitination and truncation are hallmarks of Lewy body pathology. Familial Parkinson’s disease–linked mutations (e.g., A30P and A53T) promote the formation of distinct protofibrillar intermediates that differ in morphology and possess pore-like characteristics, thereby destabilizing membranes and inducing cytotoxicity. These aberrant aggregates readily nucleate self-propagation and contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction as observed in transgenic models."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its cell‐intrinsic functions, misfolded SNCA exhibits prion-like properties that facilitate its intercellular propagation. Aggregated forms of SNCA can be released from affected neurons and taken up by neighboring cells through endocytosis, initiating a self‐perpetuating cycle of seeded aggregation. This propagation is further supported by the existence of distinct “strains” of SNCA aggregates with variable seeding capacities, which can elicit inflammatory responses via microglial activation and even cross-seed tau fibrillization. These mechanisms provide a plausible explanation for the stereotypical, progressive spread of pathology—from the enteric nervous system to the brain—and for the clinical heterogeneity observed among synucleinopathies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "24"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nGenetic studies further underscore the central role of SNCA in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders. Genome-wide association studies link variants in the SNCA locus to increased disease susceptibility, and novel SNCA mutations have been associated with complex parkinsonian and pyramidal syndromes. These findings not only reinforce the pathogenic potential of dysregulated SNCA expression and aggregation but also highlight opportunities for targeted therapeutic intervention aimed at modulating its cellular levels and intercellular propagation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "25", "end_ref": "27"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ana Maria Cuervo, Leonidas Stefanis, Ross Fredenburg, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Impaired degradation of mutant alpha-synuclein by chaperone-mediated autophagy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1101738"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1101738"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15333840"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15333840"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shoshana Shendelman, Alan Jonason, Cecile Martinat, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "DJ-1 is a redox-dependent molecular chaperone that inhibits alpha-synuclein aggregate formation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Biol (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020362"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020362"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15502874"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15502874"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carlos W Bertoncini, Young-Sang Jung, Claudio O Fernandez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Release of long-range tertiary interactions potentiates aggregation of natively unstructured alpha-synuclein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0407146102"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407146102"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15671169"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15671169"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Antony A Cooper, Aaron D Gitler, Anil Cashikar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alpha-synuclein blocks ER-Golgi traffic and Rab1 rescues neuron loss in Parkinson's models."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1129462"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1129462"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16794039"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16794039"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jacqueline Burré, Manu Sharma, Theodoros Tsetsenis, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alpha-synuclein promotes SNARE-complex assembly in vivo and in vitro."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1195227"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1195227"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20798282"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20798282"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tim Bartels, Joanna G Choi, Dennis J Selkoe "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "α-Synuclein occurs physiologically as a helically folded tetramer that resists aggregation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature10324"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10324"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21841800"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21841800"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Francois-Xavier Theillet, Andres Binolfi, Beata Bekei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural disorder of monomeric α-synuclein persists in mammalian cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature16531"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16531"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26808899"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26808899"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M J Volles, S J Lee, J C Rochet, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vesicle permeabilization by protofibrillar alpha-synuclein: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochemistry (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/bi0102398"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0102398"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11425308"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11425308"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "K A Conway, J C Rochet, R M Bieganski, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kinetic stabilization of the alpha-synuclein protofibril by a dopamine-alpha-synuclein adduct."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1063522"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063522"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11701929"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11701929"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hideo Fujiwara, Masato Hasegawa, Naoshi Dohmae, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "alpha-Synuclein is phosphorylated in synucleinopathy lesions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Cell Biol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncb748"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb748"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11813001"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11813001"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hilal A Lashuel, Dean Hartley, Benjamin M Petre, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurodegenerative disease: amyloid pores from pathogenic mutations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/418291a"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/418291a"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12124613"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12124613"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hilal A Lashuel, Benjamin M Petre, Joseph Wall, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alpha-synuclein, especially the Parkinson's disease-associated mutants, forms pore-like annular and tubular protofibrils."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Biol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00735-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00735-0) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12367530"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12367530"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lee J Martin, Yan Pan, Ann C Price, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Parkinson's disease alpha-synuclein transgenic mice develop neuronal mitochondrial degeneration and cell death."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4308-05.2006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4308-05.2006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16399671"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16399671"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "John P Anderson, Donald E Walker, Jason M Goldstein, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is the dominant pathological modification of alpha-synuclein in familial and sporadic Lewy body disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M600933200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M600933200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16847063"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16847063"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wei Zhang, Tongguang Wang, Zhong Pei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aggregated alpha-synuclein activates microglia: a process leading to disease progression in Parkinson's disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.04-2751com"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-2751com"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15791003"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15791003"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Paula Desplats, He-Jin Lee, Eun-Jin Bae, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inclusion formation and neuronal cell death through neuron-to-neuron transmission of alpha-synuclein."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0903691106"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903691106"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19651612"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19651612"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Venu M Nemani, Wei Lu, Victoria Berge, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Increased expression of alpha-synuclein reduces neurotransmitter release by inhibiting synaptic vesicle reclustering after endocytosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuron (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.023"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.023"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20152114"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20152114"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing L Guo, Dustin J Covell, Joshua P Daniels, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Distinct α-synuclein strains differentially promote tau inclusions in neurons."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.057"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.057"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23827677"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23827677"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David J Irwin, Virginia M-Y Lee, John Q Trojanowski "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Parkinson's disease dementia: convergence of α-synuclein, tau and amyloid-β pathologies."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Rev Neurosci (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nrn3549"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3549"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23900411"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23900411"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Staffan Holmqvist, Oldriska Chutna, Luc Bousset, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acta Neuropathol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00401-014-1343-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-014-1343-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25296989"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25296989"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "W Peelaerts, L Bousset, A Van der Perren, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "α-Synuclein strains cause distinct synucleinopathies after local and systemic administration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature14547"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14547"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26061766"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26061766"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stanley B Prusiner, Amanda L Woerman, Daniel A Mordes, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Evidence for α-synuclein prions causing multiple system atrophy in humans with parkinsonism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1514475112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514475112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26324905"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26324905"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaobo Mao, Michael Tianhao Ou, Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pathological α-synuclein transmission initiated by binding lymphocyte-activation gene 3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.aah3374"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah3374"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27708076"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27708076"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David Sulzer, Roy N Alcalay, Francesca Garretti, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "T cells from patients with Parkinson's disease recognize α-synuclein peptides."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature22815"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22815"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28636593"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28636593"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wataru Satake, Yuko Nakabayashi, Ikuko Mizuta, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at four loci as genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.485"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.485"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19915576"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19915576"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Taye H Hamza, Cyrus P Zabetian, Albert Tenesa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Common genetic variation in the HLA region is associated with late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.642"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.642"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20711177"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20711177"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Suzanne Lesage, Mathieu Anheim, Franck Letournel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "G51D α-synuclein mutation causes a novel parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann Neurol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ana.23894"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23894"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23526723"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23526723"}]}]}]}
|
Synonyms | NACP, PARK1, PARK4 |
Proteins | SYUA_HUMAN |
NCBI Gene ID | 6622 |
API | |
Download Associations | |
Predicted Functions |
![]() |
Co-expressed Genes |
![]() |
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
![]() |
SNCA has 15,091 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 136 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for SNCA from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
Dataset | Summary | |
---|---|---|
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Biocarta Pathways | pathways involving SNCA protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset. | |
BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of SNCA gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with SNCA protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with SNCA gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SNCA gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of SNCA gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of SNCA gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with SNCA gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing SNCA protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing SNCA protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with SNCA protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with SNCA protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
CORUM Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing SNCA protein from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with SNCA gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with SNCA gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with SNCA gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations | traits associated with SNCA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset. | |
DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action | small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of SNCA protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset. | |
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by SNCA gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases | phosphatases that dephosphorylate SNCA protein from the curated DEPOD Substrates of Phosphatases dataset. | |
DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases involving SNCA gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases involving SNCA gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases associated with SNCA gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with SNCA gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with SNCA gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with SNCA gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with SNCA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with SNCA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at SNCA gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SNCA gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of SNCA gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing SNCA from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with SNCA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with SNCA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with SNCA gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing SNCA from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
GlyGen Glycosylated Proteins | ligands (chemical) binding SNCA protein from the GlyGen Glycosylated Proteins dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving SNCA gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving SNCA gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving SNCA gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing SNCA protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing SNCA protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing SNCA protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by SNCA gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by SNCA gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by SNCA gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of SNCA gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with SNCA gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with SNCA gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with SNCA gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes | interacting metabolites for SNCA protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset. | |
HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of SNCA protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPO Gene-Disease Associations | phenotypes associated with SNCA gene by mapping known disease genes to disease phenotypes from the HPO Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting hub proteins for SNCA from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations | cell types associated with SNCA gene from the HuBMAP Azimuth Cell Type Annotations dataset. | |
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with SNCA gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes | phenotypes of mice caused by SNCA gene knockout from the IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotypes dataset. | |
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for SNCA protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of SNCA gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
KEA Substrates of Kinases | kinases that phosphorylate SNCA protein from the curated KEA Substrates of Kinases dataset. | |
KEGG Pathways | pathways involving SNCA protein from the KEGG Pathways dataset. | |
Kinase Library Tyrosine Kinome Atlas | kinases that phosphorylate SNCA protein from the Kinase Library Tyrosine Kinome Atlas dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of SNCA gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with SNCA gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain SNCA protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by SNCA gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
MiRTarBase microRNA Targets | microRNAs targeting SNCA gene in low- or high-throughput microRNA targeting studies from the MiRTarBase microRNA Targets dataset. | |
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of SNCA gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training | tissue samples with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissue samples from the MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training dataset. | |
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by SNCA gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules | co-expressed genes for SNCA from the MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules dataset. | |
MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles | drug perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset. | |
NURSA Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing SNCA protein recovered by IP-MS from the NURSA Protein Complexes dataset. | |
OMIM Gene-Disease Associations | phenotypes associated with SNCA gene from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
PANTHER Pathways | pathways involving SNCA protein from the PANTHER Pathways dataset. | |
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for SNCA from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving SNCA protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving SNCA protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with SNCA protein in abstracts of publications describing phosphosites from the Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
PhosphoSitePlus Phosphosite-Disease Associations | diseases associated with SNCA protein from the curated PhosphoSitePlus Phosphosite-Disease Associations dataset. | |
PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases | kinases that phosphorylate SNCA protein from the curated PhosphoSitePlus Substrates of Kinases dataset. | |
PID Pathways | pathways involving SNCA protein from the PID Pathways dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving SNCA protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving SNCA protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of SNCA gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at SNCA gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of SNCA gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics | cell lines associated with SNCA protein from the Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
SynGO Synaptic Gene Annotations | synaptic terms associated with SNCA gene from the SynGO Synaptic Gene Annotations dataset. | |
Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations | cell types with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of SNCA gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of SNCA gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of SNCA gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of SNCA protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of SNCA protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of SNCA protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of SNCA protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with SNCA protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with SNCA protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving SNCA protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving SNCA protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |