{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSOX12, a member of the SRY‐related high‐mobility‐group box family, has emerged as an important regulator in multiple solid tumors. In hepatocellular carcinoma, for example, SOX12 overexpression is associated with aggressive tumor behavior—promoting metastasis by transcriptionally activating mediators such as Twist1 and FGFBP1—and identifies a subpopulation with enhanced cancer stem cell properties and chemoresistance. In colorectal cancer, elevated SOX12 levels have been linked to increased cell proliferation and metastasis by facilitating asparagine synthesis through transcriptional upregulation of metabolic enzymes, although complementary loss‐of‐function studies have also suggested a potential metastatic suppressor role via modulation of WNT–TCF signaling. In gastric cancer, SOX12 drives migration and invasion by transactivating targets like MMP7 and IGF1 (which further feeds back via the PI3K/AKT/CREB axis), while its expression correlates with tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. These findings are further supported by developmental studies where deletions encompassing SOX12 have been implicated in cognitive and developmental deficits, underscoring its broader biological importance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma, SOX12 contributes to malignant progression by promoting cell proliferation and colony formation. Its functional role in these cancers is linked to the modulation of the β‐catenin/TCF signaling cascade—where knockdown of SOX12 leads to cell cycle arrest and reduced in vivo tumor growth—and is further influenced by upstream noncoding RNAs that fine‐tune its expression (and consequently, Wnt pathway activity)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "10", "end_ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn other cancer types—including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, glioma, breast cancer, and melanoma—upregulation of SOX12 is driven by distinct epigenetic and post‐transcriptional mechanisms. For instance, in glioma the long noncoding RNA DUXAP10 interacts with the HuR protein to enhance SOX12 mRNA stability, thereby promoting stemness. In breast cancer, lncRNA UCA1 induces METTL14‐mediated m6A modification that suppresses miR-375 and, in turn, elevates SOX12 expression to facilitate cell proliferation and invasion. Similarly, in melanoma the lncRNA LINC01063 acts as a sponge for miR‑5194, relieving repression of SOX12 and enabling enhanced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastatic behavior. Finally, studies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma have implicated aberrant SOX gene expression, including that of SOX12, in disease progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "13", "end_ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yu An, Sami S Amr, Alcy Torres, et al. 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