SSU72 Gene

Name	SSU72 RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase homolog (S. cerevisiae)
Description	Enables RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity. Involved in co-transcriptional mRNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSSU72 is a highly conserved phosphatase that plays a critical role in transcription by dephosphorylating the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD), particularly at Ser5 and, to a much lesser extent, Ser7. Structural studies reveal that SSU72 binds CTD peptides in unique conformations and its activity is enhanced through interactions with scaffolding factors such as symplekin, thereby coupling pre-mRNA 3′-end processing with transcription. In early transcription complexes, SSU72 is incorporated into the preinitiation assembly and acts prior to transcript pausing, underscoring its essential function during transcriptional initiation and early elongation. This catalytic action also appears to indirectly affect other CTD phosphorylation marks (e.g. Ser2), highlighting SSU72’s central role in orchestrating the dynamic CTD phosphorylation cycle."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its catalytic functions in transcription, SSU72 has been implicated in mediating interactions with key transcription factors. Early characterization of the human homolog revealed associations with TFIIB and cleavage/polyadenylation machinery, suggesting a broader role in integrating transcription initiation with RNA processing. Moreover, investigations into gene looping and promoter–terminator cross-talk have demonstrated that SSU72 can modulate the conformation of TFIIB, thereby facilitating transcription reinitiation and efficient gene expression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its roles in RNA synthesis, SSU72 contributes to chromosome dynamics during cell division. It directly interacts with cohesin subunits such as Rad21 and SA2 to oppose phosphorylation events that promote the release of cohesin from chromosome arms. Phosphorylation of SSU72 by Aurora B kinase leads to its structural modification and degradation, a process that disrupts cohesin-mediated sister chromatid cohesion during early mitosis. This regulation underscores a critical function of SSU72 in maintaining proper chromosomal architecture and ensuring accurate segregation of duplicated chromosomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kehui Xiang, Takashi Nagaike, Song Xiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crystal structure of the human symplekin-Ssu72-CTD phosphopeptide complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature09391"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09391"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20861839"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20861839"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kehui Xiang, James L Manley, Liang Tong "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "An unexpected binding mode for a Pol II CTD peptide phosphorylated at Ser7 in the active site of the CTD phosphatase Ssu72."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Dev (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1101/gad.198853.112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.198853.112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23070812"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23070812"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Benjamin M Spector, Michael E Turek, David H Price "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functional interaction of human Ssu72 with RNA polymerase II complexes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0213598"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213598"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30901332"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30901332"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Changfu Liu, Weihao Zhang, Wenge Xing "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diverse and conserved roles of the protein Ssu72 in eukaryotes: from yeast to higher organisms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Curr Genet (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00294-020-01132-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-020-01132-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33244642"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33244642"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Soeun Hwang, Min-Hee Kim, Chang-Woo Lee "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ssu72 Dual-Specific Protein Phosphatase: From Gene to Diseases."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms22073791"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073791"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33917542"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33917542"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Benoit St-Pierre, Xudong Liu, Lan-Chau T Kha, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Conserved and specific functions of mammalian ssu72."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gki171"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki171"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15659578"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15659578"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Matthew Bratkowski, Ilona Christy Unarta, Lizhe Zhu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural dissection of an interaction between transcription initiation and termination factors implicated in promoter-terminator cross-talk."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M117.811521"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M117.811521"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29158257"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29158257"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hyun-Soo Kim, Kwan-Hyuck Baek, Geun-Hyoung Ha, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The hsSsu72 phosphatase is a cohesin-binding protein that regulates the resolution of sister chromatid arm cohesion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO J (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/emboj.2010.217"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.217"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20818333"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20818333"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hyun-Soo Kim, Se-Hyuk Kim, Hye-Young Park, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functional interplay between Aurora B kinase and Ssu72 phosphatase regulates sister chromatid cohesion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms3631"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3631"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24149858"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24149858"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	HSPC182, PNAS-120
Proteins	SSU72_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	29101
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

SSU72 has 5,133 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 112 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for SSU72 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

SSU72 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SSU72 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SSU72 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of SSU72 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of SSU72 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of SSU72 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SSU72 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SSU72 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SSU72 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of SSU72 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SSU72 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with SSU72 gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with SSU72 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with SSU72 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SSU72 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of SSU72 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of SSU72 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing SSU72 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing SSU72 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with SSU72 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with SSU72 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of SSU72 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with SSU72 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with SSU72 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SSU72 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with SSU72 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of SSU72 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with SSU72 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with SSU72 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SSU72 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at SSU72 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SSU72 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of SSU72 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing SSU72 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SSU72 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with SSU72 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing SSU72 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of SSU72 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations	gene perturbations changing expression of SSU72 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations	kinase perturbations changing expression of SSU72 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of SSU72 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.