ST3GAL1 Gene

HGNC Family	Glycosyltransferases
Name	ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1
Description	The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. Correct glycosylation of the encoded protein may be critical to its sialyltransferase activity. This protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, can use the same acceptor substrates as does sialyltransferase 4B. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Other transcript variants may exist, but have not been fully characterized yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nST3GAL1 encodes a key sialyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of α2,3‐linked sialic acid to nascent core 1 O‐glycan structures. Detailed mutational analyses have revealed that conserved peptide motifs and critical amino acid residues (e.g., His, Tyr) are essential for its catalytic activity and substrate binding, while studies using unnatural sialic acid donors have expanded our understanding of its donor specificity. In addition, ST3GAL1‐mediated sialylation has been shown to modulate immune cell functions by regulating CD8⁺ T‐cell contraction and influencing dendritic cell glycosylation. Genetic studies have even implicated variants in ST3GAL1 in neuropsychiatric conditions, and investigations into its role during hematopoietic differentiation have underscored its broader physiological importance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA wealth of evidence now implicates ST3GAL1 as an important promoter of oncogenic processes in diverse malignancies. In ovarian carcinoma, upregulation of ST3GAL1 drives cell growth, migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and resistance to paclitaxel. Similar tumor-promoting roles have been observed in breast and prostate cancers, where increased ST3GAL1 activity enhances the formation of sialyl-T antigens that modulate receptor signaling pathways (including GFRA1/RET and EGFR), alter cell adhesion via changes in MUC1-associated glycosylation, and enable evasion from apoptosis. In melanoma, ST3GAL1-induced sialylation of receptor tyrosine kinases such as AXL facilitates dimerization and activation that propel metastatic dissemination. Moreover, gene amplification or aberrant expression of ST3GAL1 is linked to aggressive traits in glioblastoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, whereas genetic variants may also influence host responses to viral infections."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these findings underscore the multifaceted role of ST3GAL1 in modulating glycosylation patterns that are critical for both normal cellular differentiation and pathological processes such as tumor progression and immune evasion. The enzyme’s capacity to reprogram cell-surface glycans positions it as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention—whether through direct inhibition of its sialyltransferase activity or via strategies that disrupt downstream signaling pathways (for example, by combining ST3GAL1 inhibitors with agents targeting EGFR or RET). Such approaches may hold promise in overcoming chemoresistance and metastatic spread in a range of cancers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Charlotte Jeanneau, Valérie Chazalet, Claudine Augé, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structure-function analysis of the human sialyltransferase ST3Gal I: role of n-glycosylation and a novel conserved sialylmotif."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M311764200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M311764200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14722111"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14722111"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Steven J Van Dyken, Ryan S Green, Jamey D Marth "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural and mechanistic features of protein O glycosylation linked to CD8+ T-cell apoptosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/MCB.01750-06"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.01750-06"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17101770"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17101770"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sylvain Julien, Matthew J Grimshaw, Mark Sutton-Smith, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sialylation of vasorin by ST3Gal1 facilitates TGF-β1-mediated tumor angiogenesis and progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.31891"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31891"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30252131"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30252131"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wen-Der Lin, Tan-Chi Fan, Jung-Tung Hung, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overlapping and unique substrate specificities of ST3GAL1 and 2 during hematopoietic and megakaryocytic differentiation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood Adv (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35507766"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35507766"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fanghua Chen, Ke Gao, Yan Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ST3GAL1 Promotes Malignant Phenotypes in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Proteomics (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100821"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100821"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "39069074"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39069074"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	ST3GALIA,1, ST3GALIA, ST3GALA.1, ST3O, SIAT4A, ST3GALA, SIATFL, Gal-NAc6S
Proteins	SIA4A_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	6482
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

ST3GAL1 has 8,784 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 124 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for ST3GAL1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

ST3GAL1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by ST3GAL1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with ST3GAL1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with ST3GAL1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ST3GAL1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ST3GAL1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of ST3GAL1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of ST3GAL1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing ST3GAL1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing ST3GAL1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with ST3GAL1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with ST3GAL1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of ST3GAL1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with ST3GAL1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with ST3GAL1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ST3GAL1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with ST3GAL1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of ST3GAL1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by ST3GAL1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with ST3GAL1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with ST3GAL1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with ST3GAL1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with ST3GAL1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ST3GAL1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with ST3GAL1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at ST3GAL1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of ST3GAL1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of ST3GAL1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing ST3GAL1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with ST3GAL1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.