{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nStaufen1 (STAU1) is a multifunctional double‐stranded RNA–binding protein that plays a central role in post‐transcriptional gene regulation. It recognizes complex RNA duplexes within messenger RNA 3′ untranslated regions—structures that can arise from intramolecular base–pairing or by imperfect pairing of Alu elements brought together through interactions with long noncoding RNAs—and triggers STAU1‐mediated mRNA decay (SMD) by recruiting factors such as UPF1 (and adaptors like PNRC2). In addition, STAU1 contributes to proper mRNA maturation by facilitating processes such as the replacement of the nuclear cap–binding complex with eIF4E, thereby ensuring efficient translation. These functions have been documented in studies showing its binding to specific RNA secondary structures, its influence on transcript stability during differentiation, and its targeting of a broad set of physiologic mRNAs."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSTAU1 also functions as a critical host factor during the replication cycles of diverse RNA viruses. It directly binds structured regions in viral genomic RNAs and associates with viral proteins—such as the nucleocapsid domain of HIV-1 Gag—to facilitate RNA encapsidation, multimerization, and ultimately proper virion assembly. Similar roles have been observed in infections by hepatitis C virus, influenza virus, enterovirus 71, and Ebola virus, where STAU1 modulates viral RNA stability and translation efficiency. This multifaceted involvement underscores its importance in orchestrating a balance between host RNA regulation and viral genome utilization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAberrant expression or altered regulation of STAU1 is increasingly linked to disease pathogenesis. In neurodegenerative disorders such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 and spinocerebellar ataxia type 2, elevated STAU1 levels contribute to misregulated splicing and disturbed RNA homeostasis. In the cancer arena, STAU1-mediated decay and its interplay with long noncoding RNAs have been shown to affect signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in colorectal, gastric, cervical, and glioblastoma cases. 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