{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSTK17A, also known as DRAK1, is a serine/threonine kinase originally linked to apoptotic regulation. It was first characterized as a direct p53 target gene whose induction by DNA‐damaging agents (e.g., cisplatin) promotes reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in testicular embryonal carcinoma cells, while its nuclear localization and interaction with p53 further facilitate apoptosis in osteosarcoma models. In addition, genetic polymorphisms in STK17A have been associated with autoimmune susceptibility, as observed in systemic lupus erythematosus, and microRNA‐mediated regulation (e.g., by miR‑4111) modulates the p53 pathway via STK17A in cervical cancers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn tumor contexts, STK17A exerts context‐dependent influences on cancer progression. In glioblastoma, its marked overexpression has been linked to enhanced proliferation, migration, and survival of tumor cells, thereby correlating with poor patient outcomes. In head and neck and cervical cancers, STK17A (or DRAK1) disrupts tumor‐suppressive pathways—by binding Smad3 in the case of TGF‑β signaling or by targeting TRAF6 for degradation to suppress proinflammatory cascades—contributing to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Moreover, in colorectal cancer, loss of STK17A promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition that drives increased migration and invasion, while studies in Drosophila glioma models have implicated its ortholog as a critical effector downstream of EGFR/PI3K signaling through regulation of actomyosin contractility."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in cancer, aberrant expression and localization of STK17A serve as potential biomarkers in other clinical settings. In human liver tissue, a novel short isoform of STK17A is normally present in nuclei and bile canaliculi, with altered distribution being associated with early events in chronic rejection after liver transplantation. In gastric cancer, overexpression of STK17A correlates with increased tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival. Although its contribution to the genetic predisposition for non‐tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease remains to be elucidated, these varied findings underscore the multifunctional nature of STK17A and highlight its potential both as a therapeutic target and as a prognostic biomarker across diverse pathological conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pingping Mao, Mary P Hever, Lynne M Niemaszyk, et al. 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