SYNGR1 Gene

Name	synaptogyrin 1
Description	This gene encodes an integral membrane protein associated with presynaptic vesicles in neuronal cells. The exact function of this protein is unclear, but studies of a similar murine protein suggest that it functions in synaptic plasticity without being required for synaptic transmission. The gene product belongs to the synaptogyrin gene family. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding three different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSynaptogyrin 1 (SYNGR1) encodes a transmembrane protein highly enriched in presynaptic vesicles of neuronal cells. Its localization to these vesicles suggests that SYNGR1 is fundamentally involved in the regulation of the synaptic vesicle cycle—including processes such as vesicle biogenesis, exocytosis, and endocytotic recycling. Importantly, its genomic position on chromosome 22q13.1, a region repeatedly linked to schizophrenia, has underpinned its candidacy as a gene contributing to the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders. (See:."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSeveral genetic studies have investigated polymorphisms and rare mutations in SYNGR1 to assess its association with neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While resequencing efforts in various populations (including Indian, Chinese, Italian, and Taiwanese cohorts) have identified novel mutations, synonymous changes, and common polymorphisms in this gene, the association findings have been mixed. Some studies have reported significant allelic associations with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, whereas others failed to substantiate such links, suggesting that the genetic risk conferred by SYNGR1 variants may be subject to population-specific effects or require further functional validation. (See:."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nParallel to genetic association studies, functional and structural investigations of SYNGR1 have provided valuable insights into its biochemical properties. Optimized recombinant over-expression and biophysical characterization studies have demonstrated that SYNGR1—classified as a tetraspan vesicle protein—can form oligomeric complexes and exhibits improved stability in the presence of specific lipid derivatives, reflecting its adaptation to the membrane environment. These findings complement the genetic data by highlighting a plausible mechanistic role for SYNGR1 in synaptic vesicle function and, by extension, its involvement in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. (See:."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ranjana Verma, Chitra Chauhan, Quasar Saleem, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A nonsense mutation in the synaptogyrin 1 gene in a family with schizophrenia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biol Psychiatry (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.012"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.012"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14732601"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14732601"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ranjana Verma, Shobana Kubendran, Swapan Kumar Das, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SYNGR1 is associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in southern India."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Hum Genet (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10038-005-0307-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10038-005-0307-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16215643"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16215643"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Min-Chih Cheng, Chia-Hsiang Chen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of rare mutations of synaptogyrin 1 gene in patients with schizophrenia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Psychiatr Res (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.08.010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.08.010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17049558"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17049558"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Paraskevas Iatropoulos, Rita Gardella, Paolo Valsecchi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association study and mutational screening of SYNGR1 as a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Psychiatr Genet (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/YPG.0b013e32832cebf7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0b013e32832cebf7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19641478"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19641478"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yabing Wang, Lan Yu, Teng Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "No association between bipolar disorder and syngr1 or synapsin II polymorphisms in the Han Chinese population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Psychiatry Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.psychres.2008.12.005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.12.005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19665806"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19665806"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christian Löw, Caroline Jegerschöld, Michael Kovermann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Optimisation of over-expression in E. coli and biophysical characterisation of human membrane protein synaptogyrin 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0038244"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038244"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22675529"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675529"}]}]}]}
Proteins	SNG1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	9145
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

SYNGR1 has 6,485 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 120 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for SYNGR1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

SYNGR1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of SYNGR1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of SYNGR1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with SYNGR1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with SYNGR1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SYNGR1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of SYNGR1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of SYNGR1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing SYNGR1 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of SYNGR1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing SYNGR1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing SYNGR1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with SYNGR1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with SYNGR1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with SYNGR1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with SYNGR1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SYNGR1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with SYNGR1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by SYNGR1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with SYNGR1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with SYNGR1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with SYNGR1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SYNGR1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with SYNGR1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at SYNGR1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of SYNGR1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of SYNGR1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing SYNGR1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SYNGR1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with SYNGR1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of SYNGR1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.