{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTAS1R2 encodes a critical subunit of the heterodimeric sweet taste receptor that is essential for detecting an extraordinarily diverse range of sweet‐tasting compounds—including natural sugars, artificial sweeteners, and sweet proteins. Experimental studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that the TAS1R2/TAS1R3 complex is absolutely required for the reception and discrimination of sweet stimuli, as evidenced by knockout models and receptor “humanization” experiments that shift sweet taste preferences. Moreover, activation of TAS1R2‐expressing cells triggers dedicated behavioral responses that can be modulated by allosteric enhancers, and variations in TAS1R2 function have been linked to differences in sugar consumption. In extra‐oral tissues such as pancreatic beta cells, TAS1R2 contributes to nutrient sensing by synergizing with glucose to potentiate insulin secretion; in the gut it appears to participate in glucose‐dependent release of key satiation peptides. Genetic polymorphisms in TAS1R2 have further been associated with altered dietary intake, obesity, and even dental caries risk, highlighting its physiological relevance far beyond the tongue."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "24"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nComplementing its peripheral chemosensory role, extensive molecular and genetic studies have begun to unveil the structural and mechanistic foundations of TAS1R2 action. Advanced mutagenesis, heterologous expression of subdomains, and in silico homology modeling have provided three‐dimensional views of the full-length receptor, revealing that agonist binding to the Venus flytrap module of TAS1R2 prompts conformational changes that are propagated through its cysteine‐rich linker region to the transmembrane domains. Such structural reconfigurations regulate receptor dimerization, intracellular trafficking, and allosteric modulation. These insights are crucial not only for understanding ligand–receptor interactions but also for rational design of novel sweetener enhancers and for interpreting the physiological impact of TAS1R2 polymorphisms on energy homeostasis and related pathologies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "25", "end_ref": "32"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roberta Spadaccini, Franca Trabucco, Gabriella Saviano, et al. 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