| HGNC Family | G protein-coupled receptors |
| Name | taste receptor, type 2, member 3 |
| Description | This gene encodes a member of a family of candidate taste receptors that are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and that are specifically expressed by taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. These apparently intronless taste receptor genes encode a 7-transmembrane receptor protein, functioning as a bitter taste receptor. This gene is clustered with another 3 candidate taste receptor genes in chromosome 7 and is genetically linked to loci that influence bitter perception. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTAS2R3 is one member of the type 2 taste receptor family whose variability influences bitter taste perception. For example, studies investigating chemesthetic stimuli such as capsaicin and ethanol demonstrated that individuals with specific TAS2R3/4/5 diplotypes perceive markedly enhanced bitterness, underlining a role for TAS2R3 in the detection of not only classic bitter compounds but also other sensory irritants."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, variation in TAS2R3—as observed in the TAS2R3/4 CC haplotype—has been linked with altered thyroid hormone levels and a reduced risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma, suggesting that these receptors may also exert extraoral regulatory functions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTAS2R3 activity can also be modulated by food-derived phytochemicals. In one study, the addition of cornelian cherry fruit extracts to chocolate products was found to inhibit TAS2R3 activity by approximately 11.5%, an effect that correlated with decreased perceived bitterness and improved sensory profiles."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Complementary population-based research has observed associations between TAS2R3 single nucleotide polymorphisms and bitter food choices, reinforcing the receptor’s contribution to human taste sensitivity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, investigations into abnormal taste perceptions, such as phantogeusia, have examined the broader expression patterns of T2R genes in the tongue, providing additional context for TAS2R3’s role in mediating bitter taste sensations."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alissa A Nolden, John E McGeary, John E Hayes "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Differential bitterness in capsaicin, piperine, and ethanol associates with polymorphisms in multiple bitter taste receptor genes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Physiol Behav (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26785164"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26785164"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jeong-Hwa Choi, Jeonghee Lee, Sarah Yang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic variations in TAS2R3 and TAS2R4 bitterness receptors modify papillary carcinoma risk and thyroid function in Korean females."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-018-33338-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33338-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30301923"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30301923"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oskar Szczepaniak, Maria Jokiel, Kinga Stuper-Szablewska, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Can cornelian cherry mask bitter taste of probiotic chocolate? Human TAS2R receptors and a sensory study with comprehensive characterisation of new functional product."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0243871"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243871"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33556063"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33556063"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joanna Mikołajczyk-Stecyna, Anna M Malinowska, Agata Chmurzynska "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphism of TAS2R3, TAS2R5, TAS2R19, and TAS2R50 genes and bitter food intake frequency inelderly woman."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.17306/J.AFS.0729"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.0729"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32227702"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32227702"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ryoji Hirai, Kyoichi Takao, Keiko Onoda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Patients with phantogeusia show increased expression of T2R taste receptor genes in their tongues."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1177/000348941212100208"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1177/000348941212100208"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22397221"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22397221"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | T2R3 |
| Proteins | TA2R3_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 50831 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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TAS2R3 has 2,400 functional associations with biological entities spanning 7 categories (molecular profile, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 68 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for TAS2R3 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
| BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of TAS2R3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TAS2R3 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of TAS2R3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of TAS2R3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas | gene perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing TAS2R3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with TAS2R3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of TAS2R3 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with TAS2R3 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by TAS2R3 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
| DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 | interacting drugs for TAS2R3 protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with TAS2R3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with TAS2R3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with TAS2R3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TAS2R3 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TAS2R3 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of TAS2R3 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with TAS2R3 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing TAS2R3 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving TAS2R3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving TAS2R3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving TAS2R3 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing TAS2R3 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by TAS2R3 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by TAS2R3 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by TAS2R3 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 | phenotypes associated with TAS2R3 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset. | |
| Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes | interacting metabolites for TAS2R3 protein from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with TAS2R3 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for TAS2R3 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of TAS2R3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of TAS2R3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of TAS2R3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| KEGG Pathways | pathways involving TAS2R3 protein from the KEGG Pathways dataset. | |
| KEGG Pathways 2026 | pathways involving TAS2R3 protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of TAS2R3 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain TAS2R3 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of TAS2R3 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving TAS2R3 protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving TAS2R3 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TAS2R3 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 | transcription factors regulating expression of TAS2R3 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TAS2R3 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of TAS2R3 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of TAS2R3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with TAS2R3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with TAS2R3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving TAS2R3 protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
