{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTBL1XR1 is a multifunctional regulator that plays a central role in transcriptional modulation. As an integral component of the nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR/SMRT) complexes, it not only mediates gene repression but also is essential for the switch to gene activation. TBL1XR1 participates in “reading” histone codes by preferentially binding to hypoacetylated histones, thereby stabilizing the corepressor complexes on chromatin. In addition, it is required for efficient recruitment of transcriptional activators such as β‐catenin during Wnt‐mediated transcription, underscoring its pivotal role in establishing context‐dependent transcriptional programs."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its basic function in transcription, aberrant TBL1XR1 expression or mutational events are implicated in a diverse array of human malignancies. In several solid tumors and hematologic cancers—including lung squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal and colorectal cancers, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ocular and ovarian lymphomas, and non‐small cell lung carcinoma—TBL1XR1 dysregulation promotes oncogenic transcriptional programs by modulating critical signaling cascades such as the Wnt/β‐catenin, ERK/MAPK, and NF‐κB pathways. In some lymphomas, recurrent gene fusions (for example, TBL1XR1–TP63 and TBL1XR1–HMGA1) further emphasize its role in tumorigenesis, while its activity is also influenced by microRNAs that target its transcripts, thereby affecting cellular proliferation, migration, metastasis, and even therapeutic resistance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "24"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMutations and copy‐number variants affecting TBL1XR1 are also increasingly recognized as a cause of neurodevelopmental disease. De novo missense mutations, microdeletions, and even duplications of the TBL1XR1 locus have been identified in patients presenting with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and syndromic features such as West syndrome and Pierpont syndrome. These genetic alterations often map to critical domains—such as the WD40 repeats—thereby perturbing protein stability and key interactions with factors (for instance, NCoR) that are essential for normal central nervous system development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "25", "end_ref": "33"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional studies highlight roles for TBL1XR1 (and its close homolog TBLR1) beyond oncogenesis and neurodevelopment. For example, comprehensive genomic profiling in primary central nervous system lymphoma and investigations into inflammatory conditions such as childhood pneumonia have implicated alterations in TBL1XR1 in modulating aberrant immune responses and cytokine signaling. Furthermore, analyses of related tumor entities and even examinations of alternative splicing or post‐translational processing suggest that TBL1XR1 function is exquisitely regulated in a tissue‐ and context‐dependent manner, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target in a variety of clinical settings."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "34", "end_ref": "39"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ho-Geun Yoon, Youngsok Choi, Philip A Cole, et al. 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