TIAM2 Gene

HGNC Family	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARHGEF), Pleckstrin homology domain containing (PLEKH)
Name	T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2
Description	This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. A highly similar mouse protein specifically activates ras-related C3 botulinum substrate 1, converting this Rho-like guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) from a guanosine diphosphate-bound inactive state to a guanosine triphosphate-bound active state. The encoded protein may play a role in neural cell development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTIAM2 and its isoform TIAM2S belong to the family of Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors that activate Rac1, thereby regulating actin cytoskeletal reorganization fundamental for diverse cellular processes. In developmental contexts, TIAM2‐related proteins—such as STEF—exhibit stage‐ and region-specific expression in the brain, modulating neuronal migration and morphological remodeling through localized Rac1 activation and cytoskeletal dynamics."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "TIAM2S is frequently ectopically expressed in several human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, non–small cell lung cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, where its upregulation correlates with enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, its overexpression is associated with transcriptional activation by factors such as Sp1 and with the promotion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through alterations in cadherin and vimentin expression. These alterations contribute to aggressive and metastatic tumor phenotypes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Apart from its role in oncogenesis, TIAM2 also orchestrates critical aspects of cellular motility and spatial organization. It regulates the formation of the perinuclear actin cap and nuclear orientation by controlling localized Rac1 activity at the nuclear envelope, and it contributes to Eph receptor-mediated trans-endocytosis required for efficient cell repulsion. In the central nervous system, TIAM2S has been implicated in modulating microglial function—through mechanisms involving secreted factors like sICAM-1—which enhances neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal damage."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Emerging evidence also hints at the broader relevance of TIAM2-related pathways in diverse human populations. Unique genetic backgrounds, such as those found in isolated communities, may influence disease susceptibility and progression—underscoring the importance of further investigating how TIAM2 variants contribute to disease risk, including in conditions like chronic kidney disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Hoshino, M Sone, M Fukata, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of the stef gene that encodes a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor specific for Rac1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (1999)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.274.25.17837"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.25.17837"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10364228"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10364228"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masato Yoshizawa, Mikio Hoshino, Masaki Sone, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of stef, an activator of Rac1, correlates with the stages of neuronal morphological development in the mouse brain."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mech Dev (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00650-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(01"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00650-5) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11900975"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11900975"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jia-Shing Chen, Ih-Jen Su, Yu-Wei Leu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2) promotes proliferation and invasion of liver cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.26117"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26117"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21469146"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21469146"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wei-Hsuan Yen, Wu-Sian Ke, Jan-Jong Hung, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sp1-mediated ectopic expression of T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Med (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/cam4.611"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.611"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26763486"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26763486"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mariana Cooke, Gabriel Kreider-Letterman, Martin J Baker, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FARP1, ARHGEF39, and TIAM2 are essential receptor tyrosine kinase effectors for Rac1-dependent cell motility in human lung adenocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109905"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109905"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34731623"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34731623"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zheng-Yuan Zhao, Chen-Guang Han, Jun-Tao Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TIAM2 enhances non-small cell lung cancer cell invasion and motility."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Asian Pac J Cancer Prev (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6305"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6305"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24377522"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24377522"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bolun Jiang, Li Zhou, Jun Lu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elevated TIAM2 expression promotes tumor progression and is associated with unfavorable prognosis in pancreatic cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Scand J Gastroenterol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/00365521.2020.1853806"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2020.1853806"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33284659"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33284659"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anna Woroniuk, Andrew Porter, Gavin White, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "STEF/TIAM2-mediated Rac1 activity at the nuclear envelope regulates the perinuclear actin cap."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-018-04404-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04404-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29844364"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29844364"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thomas N Gaitanos, Jorg Koerner, Ruediger Klein "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tiam-Rac signaling mediates trans-endocytosis of ephrin receptor EphB2 and is important for cell repulsion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.201512010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201512010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27597758"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27597758"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chun-Hsien Chu, Jia-Shing Chen, Ya-Ling Chan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TIAM2S-positive microglia enhance inflammation and neurotoxicity through soluble ICAM-1-mediated immune priming."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.202300462RR"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202300462RR"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37801065"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37801065"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vignesh Arunachalam, Rodney Lea, Wendy Hoy, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Novel genetic markers for chronic kidney disease in a geographically isolated population of Indigenous Australians: Individual and multiple phenotype genome-wide association study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome Med (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13073-024-01299-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-024-01299-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38347632"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38347632"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	STEF, TIAM-2
Proteins	TIAM2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	26230
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

TIAM2 has 5,654 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 115 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for TIAM2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

TIAM2 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TIAM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with TIAM2 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with TIAM2 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TIAM2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TIAM2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of TIAM2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing TIAM2 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of TIAM2 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TIAM2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing TIAM2 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TIAM2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing TIAM2 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with TIAM2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with TIAM2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TIAM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with TIAM2 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TIAM2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with TIAM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of TIAM2 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by TIAM2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with TIAM2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with TIAM2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TIAM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with TIAM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TIAM2 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TIAM2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TIAM2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing TIAM2 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TIAM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TIAM2 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TIAM2 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.