{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTLR1 is a critical component of the innate immune system that primarily functions by heterodimerizing with TLR2 to mediate recognition of tri‐acylated bacterial lipoproteins and related microbial ligands. Structural studies have demonstrated that ligand binding induces the formation of a distinct “m‐shaped” TLR1–TLR2 heterodimer, wherein acyl chains of the ligand are differentially accommodated by hydrophobic pockets on TLR2 and TLR1, respectively."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Co‐receptor interactions—for example with CD14—further enhance lipopeptide delivery and receptor complex formation, while specific structural motifs in the extracellular leucine‐rich repeat regions are essential for optimal ligand binding.\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRegulation of TLR1 expression and its downstream signaling critically modulate innate immune responses. Investigations in human dendritic cells have revealed that reduced TLR1 surface expression—for example, in older individuals—is associated with impaired cytokine production."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, lipid mediators such as lauric acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate TLR2 heterodimer responses that incorporate TLR1"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while genetic studies have shown that polymorphisms such as the I602S variant compromise receptor trafficking and function, ultimately affecting the efficacy of vaccine‐induced antibody responses and responsiveness to bacterial lipoproteins."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "14", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, activation of the TLR1–TLR2 complex synergizes with endogenous antimicrobial peptides to drive vitamin D–dependent antimicrobial responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "21"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nGenetic variation in TLR1 has important clinical implications by influencing susceptibility to a wide spectrum of diseases. Polymorphisms in TLR1 are linked to altered responses that contribute to differential risks for infections such as Lyme disease, tuberculosis, and leprosy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "23"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "17"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "25"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Variants in the TLR10–TLR1–TLR6 gene cluster have also been associated with risks for prostate cancer and certain lymphomas."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "27", "end_ref": "31"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, TLR1-mediated detection of misfolded protein aggregates has been implicated in neuroinflammatory conditions"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "32"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while studies also suggest functions in modulating inflammatory processes in adipose tissue and in atopic dermatitis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "33"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additional work indicates a role for TLR1 in responses to mycoplasma‐derived lipoproteins"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "35"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and in the host’s defense against pathogens encountered in diverse environments, including those associated with Helicobacter pylori"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "36"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and candidemia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "37"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, emerging data support involvement of TLR1 in antiviral responses and in modulating immune tolerance during parasitic infections."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "38"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mi Sun Jin, Sung Eun Kim, Jin Young Heo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17889651"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17889651"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joo Y Lee, Ling Zhao, Hyung S Youn, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Saturated fatty acid activates but polyunsaturated fatty acid inhibits Toll-like receptor 2 dimerized with Toll-like receptor 6 or 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M312990200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M312990200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14966134"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14966134"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Martha Triantafilou, Frederick G J Gamper, Rowenna M Haston, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Membrane sorting of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/6 and TLR2/1 heterodimers at the cell surface determines heterotypic associations with CD36 and intracellular targeting."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M602794200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M602794200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16880211"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16880211"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stefano G Daniele, Dawn Béraud, Connor Davenport, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activation of MyD88-dependent TLR1/2 signaling by misfolded α-synuclein, a protein linked to neurodegenerative disorders."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Signal (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/scisignal.2005965"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2005965"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25969543"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25969543"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sandra Kesh, Nana Yaa Mensah, Paolo Peterlongo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TLR1 and TLR6 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann N Y Acad Sci (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1196/annals.1358.012"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1358.012"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16461792"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16461792"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frantisek Sandor, Eicke Latz, Fabio Re, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Importance of extra- and intracellular domains of TLR1 and TLR2 in NFkappa B signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.200304093"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200304093"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12975352"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12975352"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Nakata, Motoaki Yasuda, Mari Fujita, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CD14 directly binds to triacylated lipopeptides and facilitates recognition of the lipopeptides by the receptor complex of Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 without binding to the complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Microbiol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00756.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00756.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16848791"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16848791"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jitendra K Gautam, Ashish, Laurey D Comeau, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural and functional evidence for the role of the TLR2 DD loop in TLR1/TLR2 heterodimerization and signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M602057200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M602057200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16893894"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16893894"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yue Guan, Diana Rose E Ranoa, Song Jiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human TLRs 10 and 1 share common mechanisms of innate immune sensing but not signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.0901888"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0901888"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20348427"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20348427"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katherine O Omueti, Daniel J Mazur, Katherine S Thompson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The polymorphism P315L of human toll-like receptor 1 impairs innate immune sensing of microbial cell wall components."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6387"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6387"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17475868"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17475868"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alexander Panda, Feng Qian, Subhasis Mohanty, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Age-associated decrease in TLR function in primary human dendritic cells predicts influenza vaccine response."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.0901022"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0901022"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20100933"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20100933"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "David van Duin, Subhasis Mohanty, Venetta Thomas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Age-associated defect in human TLR-1/2 function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.178.2.970"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.2.970"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17202359"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17202359"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katja Farhat, Sabine Riekenberg, Holger Heine, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heterodimerization of TLR2 with TLR1 or TLR6 expands the ligand spectrum but does not lead to differential signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Leukoc Biol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1189/jlb.0807586"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0807586"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18056480"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18056480"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lena Alexopoulou, Venetta Thomas, Markus Schnare, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Med (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nm732"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nm732"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12091878"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12091878"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Philip T Liu, Mirjam Schenk, Valencia P Walker, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Convergence of IL-1beta and VDR activation pathways in human TLR2/1-induced antimicrobial responses."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0005810"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005810"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19503839"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19503839"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christopher M Johnson, Elizabeth A Lyle, Katherine O Omueti, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cutting edge: A common polymorphism impairs cell surface trafficking and functional responses of TLR1 but protects against leprosy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7520"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7520"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17548585"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17548585"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sunny H Wong, Sailesh Gochhait, Dheeraj Malhotra, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Leprosy and the adaptation of human toll-like receptor 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Pathog (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1000979"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000979"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20617178"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20617178"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elizabeth A Misch, Murdo Macdonald, Chaman Ranjit, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human TLR1 deficiency is associated with impaired mycobacterial signaling and protection from leprosy reversal reaction."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pntd.0000231"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000231"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18461142"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18461142"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diana Rose E Ranoa, Stacy L Kelley, Richard I Tapping "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and CD14 independently deliver triacylated lipoproteins to Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and TLR2 and enhance formation of the ternary signaling complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.453266"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.453266"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23430250"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23430250"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Liesbet Henckaerts, Marie Pierik, Marie Joossens, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations in pattern recognition receptor genes modulate seroreactivity to microbial antigens in patients with inflammatory bowel disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gut (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1136/gut.2007.125468"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2007.125468"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17595233"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17595233"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nicholas Funderburg, Michael M Lederman, Zhimin Feng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human -defensin-3 activates professional antigen-presenting cells via Toll-like receptors 1 and 2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0702130104"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702130104"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18006661"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006661"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Paola Massari, Alberto Visintin, Jay Gunawardana, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meningococcal porin PorB binds to TLR2 and requires TLR1 for signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.176.4.2373"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.4.2373"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16455995"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16455995"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nicolas W J Schröder, Isabel Diterich, Antje Zinke, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heterozygous Arg753Gln polymorphism of human TLR-2 impairs immune activation by Borrelia burgdorferi and protects from late stage Lyme disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2534"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2534"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16081826"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16081826"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Digna Rosa Velez, Christian Wejse, Martin E Stryjewski, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Variants in toll-like receptors 2 and 9 influence susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in Caucasians, African-Americans, and West Africans."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00439-009-0741-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-009-0741-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19771452"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19771452"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Klemen Strle, Junghee J Shin, Lisa J Glickstein, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association of a Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphism with heightened Th1 inflammatory responses and antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arthritis Rheum (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/art.34383"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/art.34383"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22246581"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22246581"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "P Selvaraj, M Harishankar, Brijendra Singh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toll-like receptor and TIRAP gene polymorphisms in pulmonary tuberculosis patients of South India."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tuberculosis (Edinb) (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.tube.2010.08.001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2010.08.001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20797905"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20797905"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jielin Sun, Fredrik Wiklund, S Lilly Zheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sequence variants in Toll-like receptor gene cluster (TLR6-TLR1-TLR10) and prostate cancer risk."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Natl Cancer Inst (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/jnci/dji070"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji070"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15812078"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15812078"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Nieters, L Beckmann, E Deeg, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene polymorphisms in Toll-like receptors, interleukin-10, and interleukin-10 receptor alpha and lymphoma risk."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Immun (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.gene.6364337"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364337"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16971956"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16971956"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan, Priya B Shetty, Xiaowei Guan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FGFR2 and other loci identified in genome-wide association studies are associated with breast cancer in African-American and younger women."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carcinogenesis (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/carcin/bgq128"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgq128"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20554749"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20554749"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Victoria L Stevens, Ann W Hsing, Jeffrey T Talbot, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic variation in the toll-like receptor gene cluster (TLR10-TLR1-TLR6) and prostate cancer risk."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.23826"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23826"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18752252"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18752252"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mark P Purdue, Qing Lan, Sophia S Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A pooled investigation of Toll-like receptor gene variants and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carcinogenesis (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/carcin/bgn262"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgn262"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19029192"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19029192"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cagla Tükel, Jessalyn H Nishimori, R Paul Wilson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toll-like receptors 1 and 2 cooperatively mediate immune responses to curli, a common amyloid from enterobacterial biofilms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Microbiol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01485.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01485.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20497180"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20497180"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Olga I Vitseva, Kahraman Tanriverdi, Tamara T Tchkonia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inducible Toll-like receptor and NF-kappaB regulatory pathway expression in human adipose tissue."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Obesity (Silver Spring) (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/oby.2008.25"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.25"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18292749"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18292749"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "D-Y Oh, R R Schumann, L Hamann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association of the toll-like receptor 2 A-16934T promoter polymorphism with severe atopic dermatitis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Allergy (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02066.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02066.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19627277"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19627277"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Shimizu, Yutaka Kida, Koichi Kuwano "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A dipalmitoylated lipoprotein from Mycoplasma pneumoniae activates NF-kappa B through TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.175.7.4641"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.7.4641"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16177110"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16177110"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 36, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julia Mayerle, Caroline M den Hoed, Claudia Schurmann, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of genetic loci associated with Helicobacter pylori serologic status."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "JAMA (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1001/jama.2013.4350"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.4350"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23652523"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23652523"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 37, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Theo S Plantinga, Melissa D Johnson, William K Scott, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphisms increase susceptibility to candidemia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Infect Dis (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/infdis/jir867"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir867"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22301633"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22301633"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 38, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Carty, A G Bowie "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Recent insights into the role of Toll-like receptors in viral infection."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Exp Immunol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04196.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04196.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20560984"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20560984"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 39, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Subash Babu, Carla P Blauvelt, V Kumaraswami, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diminished expression and function of TLR in lymphatic filariasis: a novel mechanism of immune dysregulation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.1170"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.1170"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16002719"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16002719"}]}]}]}