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Structure–function studies have mapped key regions in flagellin and TLR5 that determine this recognition, and repeated exposure can induce a state of tolerance by altering downstream adaptor release."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in epithelial cells, TLR5 is expressed by several immune cell types where its engagement modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Stimulation of TLR5 on dendritic cells can directly induce cellular maturation and chemokine secretion, thus promoting T‑cell activation. Moreover, direct TLR5 signaling in CD4⁺ T cells enhances effector responses or, in regulatory T cells, potentiates suppressive activity. 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