HGNC Family | CD molecules (CD) |
Name | toll-like receptor 8 |
Description | The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung and peripheral blood leukocytes, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR7, on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
Summary |
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In addition, endolysosomal RNases such as RNase T2 and RNase 2 process complex RNA molecules, generating the uridine‐containing degradation products that serve as optimal ligands for TLR8."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nUpon ligand engagement, TLR8 transduces signals via a MyD88‐dependent pathway that involves the recruitment of signaling intermediates—such as IRAK, MEKK3, and IκB kinases—and culminates in the activation of NF‐κB and interferon regulatory factors. Such activation leads to a robust production of proinflammatory cytokines (for example, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐12 and type I interferons) and can be modulated by synergistic interactions with other TLRs (including TLR3 and TLR4) as well as additional accessory receptors. Differential signaling cascades downstream of TLR8 have been documented in various human antigen‐presenting cells (monocytes, dendritic cells) and are critical in tailoring both antiviral responses and subsequent T‐cell polarization outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its canonical role in antiviral defense, aberrant or dysregulated TLR8 signaling contributes to a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. For instance, its activity can overturn regulatory T‐cell function to enhance antitumor immunity, while expression of TLR8 by tumor cells may activate NF‐κB and promote cell survival and chemoresistance. In monocytes and dendritic cells, TLR8 activation not only drives inflammatory cytokine release but also interfaces with receptors such as DC‐SIGN to modulate viral replication (as in HIV‐1 infection) and acute inflammatory responses in conditions like myocarditis and psoriasis. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms in the TLR8 gene have been linked with susceptibility to infectious diseases (including tuberculosis) and autoimmune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and antiphospholipid syndrome), and emerging evidence implicates TLR8 in shaping vaccine responses as well as in neurodegenerative processes by sensing endogenous retroviral RNAs."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "37"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Florian Heil, Hiroaki Hemmi, Hubertus Hochrein, et al. 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Synonyms | CD288 |
Proteins | TLR8_HUMAN |
NCBI Gene ID | 51311 |
API | |
Download Associations | |
Predicted Functions |
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Co-expressed Genes |
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Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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TLR8 has 6,317 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 102 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for TLR8 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
Dataset | Summary | |
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Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray | tissue samples with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset. | |
BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of TLR8 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with TLR8 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TLR8 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of TLR8 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of TLR8 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components containing TLR8 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing TLR8 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores | cellular components co-occuring with TLR8 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset. | |
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with TLR8 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of TLR8 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with TLR8 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with TLR8 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with TLR8 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by TLR8 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores | diseases co-occuring with TLR8 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset. | |
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with TLR8 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with TLR8 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with TLR8 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
DrugBank Drug Targets | interacting drugs for TLR8 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset. | |
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TLR8 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TLR8 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of TLR8 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
GAD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with TLR8 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with TLR8 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with TLR8 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing TLR8 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 | biological processes involving TLR8 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving TLR8 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving TLR8 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing TLR8 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing TLR8 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing TLR8 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 | molecular functions performed by TLR8 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by TLR8 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by TLR8 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors | ligands (chemical) binding TLR8 receptor from the curated Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with TLR8 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with TLR8 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TLR8 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset. | |
HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting hub proteins for TLR8 from the curated Hub Proteins Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
HuBMAP ASCT+B Augmented with RNA-seq Coexpression | cell types associated with TLR8 gene from the HuBMAP ASCT+B Augmented with RNA-seq Coexpression dataset. | |
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with TLR8 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for TLR8 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of TLR8 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
KEGG Pathways | pathways involving TLR8 protein from the KEGG Pathways dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of TLR8 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with TLR8 gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components containing TLR8 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the LOCATE Curated Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain TLR8 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by TLR8 gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of TLR8 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training | tissue samples with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other tissue samples from the MoTrPAC Rat Endurance Exercise Training dataset. | |
MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by TLR8 gene mutations from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules | co-expressed genes for TLR8 from the MSigDB Cancer Gene Co-expression Modules dataset. | |
MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the MSigDB Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Cancer Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
NURSA Protein Complexes | protein complexs containing TLR8 protein recovered by IP-MS from the NURSA Protein Complexes dataset. | |
PANTHER Pathways | pathways involving TLR8 protein from the PANTHER Pathways dataset. | |
Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions | interacting proteins for TLR8 from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving TLR8 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2024 | pathways involving TLR8 protein from the Wikipathways PFOCR 2024 dataset. | |
Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with TLR8 protein in abstracts of publications describing phosphosites from the Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2014 | pathways involving TLR8 protein from the Reactome Pathways dataset. | |
Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving TLR8 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TLR8 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of TLR8 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of TLR8 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of TLR8 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of TLR8 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of TLR8 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues with high expression of TLR8 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of TLR8 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores | tissues co-occuring with TLR8 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset. | |
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with TLR8 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2014 | pathways involving TLR8 protein from the Wikipathways Pathways 2014 dataset. | |
WikiPathways Pathways 2024 | pathways involving TLR8 protein from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset. | |