{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA review of the seven abstracts"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "reveals a strong emphasis on the roles of microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and its variants in modulating key pathophysiological processes—including cardiac hypertrophy, fibrogenesis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, myocardial fibrosis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression, and glomerular injury in obstructive nephropathy. Notably, none of these abstracts make any explicit mention of TMEM191B, leaving its direct function unaddressed in these studies.\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nThe studies detail that miR‐21 and related molecules govern diverse cellular events such as inflammatory signaling, activation of transforming growth factor–β (TGF‐β) cascades, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cellular injury repair across various organ systems. Although TMEM191B—a transmembrane protein whose function remains largely uncharacterized in current literature—is not discussed directly in any of the abstracts, these findings raise the possibility that if TMEM191B is involved in similar biological networks, it might influence or be influenced by miR‐21–mediated regulatory pathways.\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn summary, while the provided abstracts collectively advance our understanding of miR‐21’s pivotal role in disease processes ranging from cardiac injury to fibrotic and inflammatory conditions, they do not offer any direct insights into the function of TMEM191B. Further targeted research is warranted to elucidate whether TMEM191B interacts with the miR‐21 regulatory networks or participates in parallel pathways contributing to similar pathophysiological processes.\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diptadip Dattaroy, Sahar Pourhoseini, Suvarthi Das, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Micro-RNA 21 inhibition of SMAD7 enhances fibrogenesis via leptin-mediated NADPH oxidase in experimental and human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2014"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2014"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25501551"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25501551"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mengwen Yan, Chen Chen, Wei Gong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-21-3p regulates cardiac hypertrophic response by targeting histone deacetylase-8."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cardiovasc Res (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/cvr/cvu254"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvu254"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25504627"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25504627"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xingli Dong, Shangkun Liu, Lingling Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulation of miR-21 is involved in direct actions of ursolic acid on the heart: implications for cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cardiovasc Ther (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/1755-5922.12125"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-5922.12125"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25903305"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25903305"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lin Gao, Huasu Zeng, Tiantian Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-21 deficiency attenuated atherogenesis and decreased macrophage infiltration by targeting Dusp-8."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Atherosclerosis (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31704554"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31704554"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shixing Ma, Aobo Zhang, Xiaole Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-21-5p regulates extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis in TMJOA by targeting Spry1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arthritis Res Ther (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13075-020-2145-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-020-2145-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32357909"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32357909"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nina J Chu, Robert A Anders, Elana J Fertig, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Inhibition of miR-21 Regulates Mutant KRAS Effector Pathways and Intercepts Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Development."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Prev Res (Phila) (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0053"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0053"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32409593"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32409593"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Md Abdul Masum, Osamu Ichii, Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Podocyte Injury Through Interaction Between "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "Tlr8"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " and Its Endogenous Ligand miR-21 in Obstructed and Its Collateral Kidney."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Immunol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fimmu.2020.606488"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.606488"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33552064"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33552064"}]}]}]}