| Name | transmembrane protein 238 |
| Description | Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have identified a transmembrane protein—often referenced in the literature as SPESP1 and sometimes annotated as TMEM238 in certain databases—to play a vital role in mammalian fertilization. Functional analyses in mice have demonstrated that disruption of this protein results in abnormal protein distribution within the sperm equatorial segment, compromised acrosomal membrane remodeling after the acrosome reaction, and impaired sperm‐egg plasma membrane fusion. Consequently, sperm from deficient mice exhibit reduced migration into the oviduct and a lower fertilization rate, underscoring its necessity in producing fully “fusion competent” gametes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Biochemical studies further reveal that this protein is testis‐specific, undergoing significant glycosylation and proteolytic processing during spermiogenesis and epididymal transit—a series of modifications that appear to regulate its molecular mass and possibly its binding interactions with complementary oocyte receptors, as indicated by its prominent binding to the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn a related yet distinct biological context, research on human dermal fibroblasts has begun to unravel the broader significance of transmembrane proteins in cellular function. Although this study does not directly assess TMEM238/SPESP1, it highlights key processes of cell senescence and wound healing in aged skin, suggesting that analogous membrane-associated molecules might contribute to adhesion, signaling, and regenerative capabilities in non-reproductive tissues."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yoshitaka Fujihara, Masao Murakami, Naokazu Inoue, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sperm equatorial segment protein 1, SPESP1, is required for fully fertile sperm in mouse."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.067363"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.067363"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20375058"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20375058"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi, Subbarayalu Panneerdoss, Michael J Wolkowicz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dynamic Changes in Equatorial Segment Protein 1 (SPESP1) Glycosylation During Mouse Spermiogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biol Reprod (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1095/biolreprod.114.121095"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.114.121095"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25761597"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25761597"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hiroki Nakata, Tomohiko Wakayama, Tomoya Asano, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of sperm equatorial segment protein 1 in the acrosome as the primary binding target of peanut agglutinin (PNA) in the mouse testis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Histochem Cell Biol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00418-016-1478-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-016-1478-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27539077"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27539077"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yun Zhong, Lei Zhou, Yi Guo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Downregulated SPESP1-driven fibroblast senescence decreases wound healing in aged mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Transl Med (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ctm2.1660"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.1660"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38764260"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38764260"}]}]}]}
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| Proteins | TM238_HUMAN |
| NCBI Gene ID | 388564 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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TMEM238 has 3,362 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 61 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for TMEM238 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq | tissue samples with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset. | |
| Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of TMEM238 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with TMEM238 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TMEM238 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of TMEM238 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of TMEM238 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of TMEM238 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency | cell lines with fitness changed by TMEM238 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset. | |
| DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases associated with TMEM238 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with TMEM238 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TMEM238 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TMEM238 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of TMEM238 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing TMEM238 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. | |
| GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures | PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing TMEM238 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations | kinase perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 | cellular components containing TMEM238 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2015 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
| GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations | diseases associated with TMEM238 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with TMEM238 gene in GWAS datasets from the GWASdb SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other cell lines from the HPA Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other tissue samples from the HPA Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations | protein domains predicted for TMEM238 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of TMEM238 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of TMEM238 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of TMEM238 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of TMEM238 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles | cell lines with TMEM238 gene mutations from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset. | |
| LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations | cellular components predicted to contain TMEM238 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of TMEM238 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles | drug perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Mouse Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of TMEM238 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TMEM238 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics | cell lines associated with TMEM238 protein from the Sanger Dependency Map Cancer Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
| Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of TMEM238 gene from the Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations | cell types with high or low expression of TMEM238 gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of TMEM238 gene predicted using conserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Conserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets | microRNAs regulating expression of TMEM238 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of TMEM238 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with TMEM238 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
