{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTNFRSF6B, which encodes the soluble decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), plays a central role in modulating cell death and immune responses by binding to, and thereby neutralizing, several members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family such as Fas ligand (FasL), LIGHT, and TL1A. Through its decoy action, DcR3 prevents engagement of death receptors on target cells and inhibits Fas‐mediated apoptosis. In addition, DcR3 is implicated in immune regulation by altering dendritic cell maturation and T‐cell costimulation, thus skewing the cytokine milieu toward a Th2‑biased response. These actions help explain its association with inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis, as well as its frequent overexpression in a variety of solid tumors where it facilitates immune evasion and enhanced tumor cell survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAt the molecular and cellular level, DcR3 exhibits a broad ligand‐recognition profile by engaging invariant backbone and conserved side‐chain features present in its ligands. This structural promiscuity enables DcR3 not only to block pro‐apoptotic signals but also to trigger “reverse signaling” effects that alter cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. For example, it modulates the differentiation of dendritic cells and macrophages, affects endothelial adhesion molecule expression via NF‑κB and MAP kinase signaling, and even suppresses T‑cell chemotaxis by inhibiting actin polymerization. Collectively, these findings illustrate the multifaceted role of DcR3 in controlling both innate and adaptive immune cell functions and in regulating tissue remodeling processes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "17", "end_ref": "32"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nClinically, the overexpression or gene amplification of TNFRSF6B/DcR3 is correlated with adverse outcomes in many human diseases. Elevated DcR3 levels have been observed in cancers of the colon, lung, pancreas, astrocytic brain tumors, gastric lesions, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer—often correlating with increased invasiveness, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Moreover, aberrant DcR3 expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, endometriosis, and even disorders of the central nervous system. These observations underscore the potential of targeting DcR3 as a biomarker and therapeutic strategy to restore apoptotic sensitivity in tumor cells and to recalibrate immune responses in inflammatory diseases."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "33", "end_ref": "43"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Subra Kugathasan, Robert N Baldassano, Jonathan P Bradfield, et al. 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