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Notably, mechanotransduction studies have demonstrated that TNS4 accumulates on keratin intermediate filaments under applied force and that it shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus—suggesting roles in transcriptional regulation and tissue homeostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn multiple cancer types—including colorectal, breast, lung, gastric, pancreatic, and gallbladder cancers—TNS4 expression is upregulated in response to oncogenic signals from growth factors (such as EGF and TGF‐β) and Ras–MAPK cascades. Elevated TNS4 levels promote epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis, and are clinically associated with advanced tumor stages, nodal involvement, and poor patient prognosis. 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