TOMM34 Gene

HGNC Family	Tetratricopeptide repeat domain containing (TTC)
Name	translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34
Description	The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the import of precursor proteins into mitochondria. The encoded protein has a chaperone-like activity, binding the mature portion of unfolded proteins and aiding their import into mitochondria. This protein, which is found in the cytoplasm and sometimes associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane, has a weak ATPase activity and contains 6 TPR repeats. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTOMM34 is a cytosolic co‐chaperone that plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial protein import by partnering with the molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90. It acts by binding to the mature portions of precursor proteins and maintaining them in an unfolded, import‐competent state, thereby facilitating their proper translocation into mitochondria. Structural studies indicate that its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains enable specific interactions with Hsp70 (via TPR1) and Hsp90 (via TPR2), allowing the formation of a tripartite complex that fine‐tunes the chaperone cycle. In addition, post‐translational modifications, such as phosphorylation by PKA and subsequent binding to 14-3-3 proteins, modulate TOMM34’s capacity to interact with Hsp70, highlighting its dynamic regulation during protein folding and import."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAberrant upregulation of TOMM34 has been documented in a variety of human cancers—including colorectal, breast, hepatocellular, ovarian, bladder, and oral squamous cell carcinomas—where its overexpression correlates with indicators of aggressive disease and poor patient prognosis. In these contexts, elevated levels of TOMM34 are associated with enhanced cell growth, higher tumor grade, increased invasiveness, and reduced survival outcomes, thus positioning it as both a promising diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target. These findings underscore the importance of mitochondrial protein import machinery in tumor progression and highlight a new avenue for cancer research."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMoreover, recent investigations into host–pathogen interactions have raised the possibility that TOMM34 might intersect with pathways governing innate immunity and inflammation. Although its established roles center on chaperone coordination and mitochondrial import, the modulation of NF‑κB signaling—critical in the host response to highly pathogenic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2—suggests that TOMM34 may also have relevance in the context of viral infections. Future studies are needed to clarify whether and how TOMM34 contributes to inflammatory signaling and antiviral defenses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pierre Faou, Nicholas J Hoogenraad "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tom34: a cytosolic cochaperone of the Hsp90/Hsp70 protein complex involved in mitochondrial protein import."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochim Biophys Acta (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.12.001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.12.001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22178133"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22178133"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Filip Trcka, Michal Durech, Petr Man, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The assembly and intermolecular properties of the Hsp70-Tomm34-Hsp90 molecular chaperone complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.526046"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.526046"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24567332"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24567332"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Abhijit Mukhopadhyay, Larisa V Avramova, Henry Weiner "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tom34 unlike Tom20 does not interact with the leader sequences of mitochondrial precursor proteins."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Biochem Biophys (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1006/abbi.2002.2777"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.2002.2777"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11913975"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11913975"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chun-Song Yang, Henry Weiner "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yeast two-hybrid screening identifies binding partners of human Tom34 that have ATPase activity and form a complex with Tom34 in the cytosol."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Biochem Biophys (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1006/abbi.2002.2778"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.2002.2778"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11913976"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11913976"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michal Durech, Filip Trcka, Petr Man, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Novel Entropically Driven Conformation-specific Interactions with Tomm34 Protein Modulate Hsp70 Protein Folding and ATPase Activities."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Proteomics (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/mcp.M116.058131"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M116.058131"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26944342"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26944342"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Filip Trcka, Michal Durech, Pavla Vankova, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The interaction of the mitochondrial protein importer TOMM34 with HSP70 is regulated by TOMM34 phosphorylation and binding to 14-3-3 adaptors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.RA120.012624"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA120.012624"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32371396"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32371396"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "José R Blesa, Jesús A Prieto-Ruiz, Beth A Abraham, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "NRF-1 is the major transcription factor regulating the expression of the human TOMM34 gene."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Cell Biol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1139/o07-151"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/o07-151"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18364745"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18364745"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Shimokawa, Satoshi Matsushima, Takuya Tsunoda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of TOMM34, which shows elevated expression in the majority of human colon cancers, as a novel drug target."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Oncol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16820880"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16820880"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohammed A Aleskandarany, Ola H Negm, Emad A Rakha, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TOMM34 expression in early invasive breast cancer: a biomarker associated with poor outcome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Breast Cancer Res Treat (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10549-012-2249-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-012-2249-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23053644"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23053644"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eman A Toraih, Hani G Alrefai, Mohammad H Hussein, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overexpression of heat shock protein HSP90AA1 and translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane TOM34 in HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: A pilot study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Biochem (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.12.001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.12.001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30521791"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30521791"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Petr Muller, Philip J Coates, Rudolf Nenutil, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tomm34 is commonly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and associates with tumour type and high FIGO stage."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Ovarian Res (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13048-019-0498-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-019-0498-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30917858"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30917858"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohamed A H Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan Ali, Hashem Hafez Abbas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of TOMM34 and Its Clinicopathological Correlations in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pathol Oncol Res (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12253-018-0524-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-018-0524-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30382527"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30382527"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Min Cai, Rukeng Tan, Yunyi Huang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "High Expression of Tomm34 and Its Correlations With Clinicopathology in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pathol Oncol Res (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/pore.2021.641042"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/pore.2021.641042"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34257607"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34257607"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yunyi Huang, Zhipei Chen, Xuanyi Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TOMM34 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC and modulates mitochondrial function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Oral Pathol Med (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jop.13382"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13382"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36367442"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36367442"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qiwen Shi, Pengfei Zhang, Qingtao Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Role of TOMM34 on NF-κB activation-related hyperinflammation in severely ill patients with COVID-19 and influenza."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EBioMedicine (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105343"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105343"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "39276680"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39276680"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	TOM34, URCC3, HTOM34P
Proteins	TOM34_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	10953
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

TOMM34 has 7,475 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 119 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for TOMM34 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

TOMM34 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of TOMM34 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TOMM34 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TOMM34 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with TOMM34 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with TOMM34 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TOMM34 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TOMM34 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of TOMM34 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of TOMM34 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of TOMM34 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TOMM34 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing TOMM34 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TOMM34 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing TOMM34 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with TOMM34 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with TOMM34 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TOMM34 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with TOMM34 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TOMM34 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with TOMM34 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of TOMM34 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by TOMM34 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with TOMM34 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with TOMM34 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with TOMM34 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TOMM34 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with TOMM34 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TOMM34 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TOMM34 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TOMM34 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing TOMM34 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.