{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTPM3 encodes the slow‐twitch (α‐tropomyosin) isoform that plays a central role in thin filament regulation and muscle contraction. Functional studies have shown that TPM3 mutations disrupt actin–tropomyosin interactions, alter Ca²⁺ sensitivity and impede proper acto–myosin cross‐bridge formation, leading to a spectrum of congenital myopathies—including congenital fiber type disproportion, nemaline and cap myopathies—with clinical features ranging from muscle weakness to, in some cases, paradoxical hypercontractility. Several reports demonstrated that missense and deletion mutations in TPM3 reduce its binding affinity for filamentous actin and impair neuromuscular transmission, while altering filament activation and ATPase kinetics in muscle fibres. Cumulatively, these studies (e.g."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "establish a mechanistic link between molecular defects in TPM3 and muscle dysfunction observed in patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its role in muscle contraction, TPM3 is expressed as multiple isoforms that contribute to the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in non‐muscle cells. Overexpression experiments and isoform‐specific analyses indicate that high–molecular‐weight TPM3 variants regulate cell morphology by stabilizing actin filaments, modulating the recruitment of actin–binding proteins, and influencing processes such as filopodia formation and stress fibre assembly. These studies, together with investigations mapping TPM3’s promoter and binding properties as well as peptide‐based analyses of its coiled–coil domain, underscore the isoform diversity and specialized cytoskeletal functions of TPM3."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "19", "end_ref": "28"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition, TPM3 contributes to oncogenic and other extra‐myogenic processes. Altered expression and gene rearrangements involving TPM3 (such as TPM3–ALK and TPM3–PDGFRB fusions) have been identified in a variety of tumors including ovarian, hepatocellular, esophageal and gliomas, where TPM3 not only serves as a promising biomarker but also fosters oncogenic signaling by promoting dimerization and stabilizing fusion oncoproteins. Moreover, TPM3 appears to enhance messenger RNA stability via interactions with RNA–binding factors and has been implicated in cardioprotective responses against hypoxic injury and in acentrosomal spindle assembly during oocyte meiosis. These diverse functions, derived from studies across multiple systems"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "29", "end_ref": "43"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "highlight a broader biological significance of TPM3 in cell signaling, tumor progression and stress responsiveness."}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nigel F Clarke, Hanna Kolski, Danielle E Dye, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations in TPM3 are a common cause of congenital fiber type disproportion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann Neurol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ana.21308"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21308"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18300303"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18300303"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Minttu Marttila, Vilma-Lotta Lehtokari, Steven Marston, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutation update and genotype-phenotype correlations of novel and previously described mutations in TPM2 and TPM3 causing congenital myopathies."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mutat (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/humu.22554"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.22554"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24692096"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24692096"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "D Wattanasirichaigoon, K J Swoboda, F Takada, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations of the slow muscle alpha-tropomyosin gene, TPM3, are a rare cause of nemaline myopathy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurology (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1212/wnl.59.4.613"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.59.4.613"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12196661"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12196661"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michael W Lawlor, Elizabeth T Dechene, Emily Roumm, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mutations of tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) are common and associated with type 1 myofiber hypotrophy in congenital fiber type disproportion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mutat (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/humu.21157"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.21157"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19953533"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19953533"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Paul Robinson, Xing Liu, Alexander Sparrow, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations increase myofilament Ca"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "2+"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": " buffering, alter intracellular Ca"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "2+"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": " handling, and stimulate Ca"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "2+"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "-dependent signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.RA118.002081"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.002081"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29760186"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29760186"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "P Munot, D Lashley, H Jungbluth, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Congenital fibre type disproportion associated with mutations in the tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) gene mimicking congenital myasthenia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuromuscul Disord (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.274"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.274"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20951040"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20951040"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Isabelle Pénisson-Besnier, Nicole Monnier, Annick Toutain, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A second pedigree with autosomal dominant nemaline myopathy caused by TPM3 mutation: a clinical and pathological study."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuromuscul Disord (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.nmd.2007.01.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2007.01.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17376686"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17376686"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Julien Ochala, David S Gokhin, Isabelle Pénisson-Besnier, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Congenital myopathy-causing tropomyosin mutations induce thin filament dysfunction via distinct physiological mechanisms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Mol Genet (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/hmg/dds289"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/dds289"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22798622"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22798622"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "S Donkervoort, M Papadaki, J M de Winter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TPM3 deletions cause a hypercontractile congenital muscle stiffness phenotype."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann Neurol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ana.24535"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24535"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26418456"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26418456"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vilma-Lotta Lehtokari, Katarina Pelin, Kati Donner, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of a founder mutation in TPM3 in nemaline myopathy patients of Turkish origin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Hum Genet (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ejhg.2008.60"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2008.60"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18382475"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18382475"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H J Durling, P Reilich, J Müller-Höcker, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "De novo missense mutation in a constitutively expressed exon of the slow alpha-tropomyosin gene TPM3 associated with an atypical, sporadic case of nemaline myopathy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuromuscul Disord (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0960-8966(02)00182-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8966(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00182-7) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12467750"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12467750"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "I C Kiphuth, S Krause, H B Huttner, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Autosomal dominant nemaline myopathy caused by a novel alpha-tropomyosin 3 mutation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00415-009-5413-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-5413-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20012312"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20012312"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "T Schreckenbach, J M Schröder, T Voit, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Novel TPM3 mutation in a family with cap myopathy and review of the literature."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuromuscul Disord (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.nmd.2013.10.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2013.10.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24239060"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239060"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gülsenay Citirak, Nanna Witting, Morten Duno, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Frequency and phenotype of patients carrying TPM2 and TPM3 gene mutations in a cohort of 94 patients with congenital myopathy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuromuscul Disord (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.nmd.2013.12.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2013.12.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24507666"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24507666"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yurii S Borovikov, Olga E Karpicheva, Armen O Simonyan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Primary Causes of Muscle Dysfunction Associated with the Point Mutations in Tpm3.12; Conformational Analysis of Mutant Proteins as a Tool for Classification of Myopathies."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms19123975"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123975"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30544720"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30544720"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alexander M Matyushenko, Victoria V Nefedova, Daniil V Shchepkin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mechanisms of disturbance of the contractile function of slow skeletal muscles induced by myopathic mutations in the tropomyosin TPM3 gene."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.202001318R"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202001318R"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32797717"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32797717"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anastasiia D Gonchar, Galina V Kopylova, Anastasia M Kochurova, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Effects of myopathy-causing mutations R91P and R245G in the TPM3 gene on structural and functional properties of slow skeletal muscle tropomyosin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.103"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.103"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33307294"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33307294"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stanislava V Avrova, Olga E Karpicheva, Armen O Simonyan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The molecular mechanisms of a high Ca"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "2+"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "-sensitivity and muscle weakness associated with the Ala155Thr substitution in Tpm3.12."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.146"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.146"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31155291"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31155291"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Galina Schevzov, Nicole S Bryce, Rowena Almonte-Baldonado, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Specific features of neuronal size and shape are regulated by tropomyosin isoforms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.e04-10-0951"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-10-0951"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15888546"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15888546"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sarah J Creed, Melissa Desouza, James R Bamburg, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tropomyosin isoform 3 promotes the formation of filopodia by regulating the recruitment of actin-binding proteins to actin filaments."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.10.019"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.10.019"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21036167"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21036167"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jenny L-C Lin, Xin Geng, Sangeeta Das Bhattacharya, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Isolation and sequencing of a novel tropomyosin isoform preferentially associated with colon cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gastroenterology (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1053/gast.2002.34154"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2002.34154"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12105844"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12105844"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joyce C M Meiring, Nicole S Bryce, Maria Lastra Cagigas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Colocation of Tpm3.1 and myosin IIa heads defines a discrete subdomain in stress fibres."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.228916"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.228916"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31331962"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31331962"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dipak K Dube, Syamalima Dube, Lynn Abbott, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sarcomeric TPM3 expression in human heart and skeletal muscle."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/cm.21629"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cm.21629"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32761805"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32761805"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zofia Ostrowska-Podhorodecka, Małgorzata Śliwinska, Emil Reisler, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tropomyosin isoforms regulate cofilin 1 activity by modulating actin filament conformation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Biochem Biophys (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.abb.2020.108280"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2020.108280"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31996302"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996302"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katarzyna Robaszkiewicz, Małgorzata Śliwinska, Joanna Moraczewska "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Regulation of Actin Filament Length by Muscle Isoforms of Tropomyosin and Cofilin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms21124285"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124285"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32560136"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32560136"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marina A Marchenko, Victoria V Nefedova, Daria S Yampolskaya, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Comparative structural and functional studies of low molecular weight tropomyosin isoforms, the TPM3 gene products."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Biochem Biophys (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.abb.2021.108999"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2021.108999"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34339666"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34339666"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stuart A Savill, Helen F Leitch, John N Harvey, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Functional structure of the promoter regions for the predominant low molecular weight isoforms of tropomyosin in human kidney cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biochem (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcb.24236"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24236"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22740512"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22740512"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Balaganesh Kuruba, Marta Kaczmarek, Małgorzata Kęsik-Brodacka, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Structural Effects of Disease-Related Mutations in Actin-Binding Period 3 of Tropomyosin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecules (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/molecules26226980"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226980"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34834072"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34834072"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hsin-Yao Tang, Lynn A Beer, Janos L Tanyi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein isoform-specific validation defines multiple chloride intracellular channel and tropomyosin isoforms as serological biomarkers of ovarian cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Proteomics (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23792823"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23792823"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A S Mansfield, S J Murphy, F R Harris, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chromoplectic TPM3-ALK rearrangement in a patient with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor who responded to ceritinib after progression on crizotinib."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann Oncol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/annonc/mdw405"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw405"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27742657"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27742657"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hye-Sun Choi, Seon-Hee Yim, Hai-Dong Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tropomyosin3 overexpression and a potential link to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2407-10-122"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-10-122"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20356415"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20356415"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ching Yan Lam, Chi Wai Yip, Terence C W Poon, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification and characterization of tropomyosin 3 associated with granulin-epithelin precursor in human hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0040324"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040324"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22792281"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22792281"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sylvie Giuriato, Marianne Foisseau, Emilie Dejean, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Conditional TPM3-ALK and NPM-ALK transgenic mice develop reversible ALK-positive early B-cell lymphoma/leukemia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2008-06-163386"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-06-163386"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20223922"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20223922"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tao Tao, Yan Shi, Dongfeng Han, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TPM3, a strong prognosis predictor, is involved in malignant progression through MMP family members and EMT-like activators in gliomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumour Biol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s13277-014-1974-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-1974-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24913705"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24913705"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shao-Bin Yu, Qin Gao, Wen-Wei Lin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proteomic analysis indicates the importance of TPM3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Med Rep (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/mmr.2017.6145"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6145"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28138712"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28138712"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 36, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yosuke Amano, Rie Ishikawa, Toshio Sakatani, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogenic TPM3-ALK activation requires dimerization through the coiled-coil structure of TPM3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.014"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.014"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25596129"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25596129"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 37, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhipeng Li, Rong Yang, Jiangning Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy of a pediatric chronic eosinophilic leukemia patient carrying TPM3-PDGFRB fusion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pediatr Blood Cancer (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/pbc.22800"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.22800"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21072821"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21072821"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 38, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carlos Vera, Jianmin Lao, Donald Hamelberg, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mapping the tropomyosin isoform 5 binding site on human erythrocyte tropomodulin: further insights into E-Tmod/TM5 interaction."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Biochem Biophys (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16297372"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16297372"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 39, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xing Xu, Yao Wang, Nicole S Bryce, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Targeting the actin/tropomyosin cytoskeleton in epithelial ovarian cancer reveals multiple mechanisms of synergy with anti-microtubule agents."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Br J Cancer (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41416-021-01420-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01420-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33981016"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33981016"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 40, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kaiming Peng, Xiaoqiang Chen, Anqin Lin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PolyC-RNA-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) enhances tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) mRNA stability to promote the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioengineered (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/21655979.2022.2053801"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2022.2053801"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35287546"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35287546"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 41, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carina Wallgren-Pettersson, Manu Jokela, Vilma-Lotta Lehtokari, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Variants in tropomyosins TPM2 and TPM3 causing muscle hypertonia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuromuscul Disord (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.nmd.2023.12.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2023.12.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38219297"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38219297"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 42, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ke Huang, Weijia Yang, Mingxuan Shi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Role of TPM3 in Protecting Cardiomyocyte from Hypoxia-Induced Injury via Cytoskeleton Stabilization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2024)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms25126797"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126797"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "38928503"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38928503"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 43, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hongen Tian, Huilin Hu "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Effects of tropomyosin 3 on pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes and fibroblast activation induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation in rats]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20221130-01045"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20221130-01045"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36880246"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36880246"}]}]}]}