{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTRIM11 is a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays diverse roles in regulating innate immunity and antiviral responses. In the context of viral infections, TRIM11 modulates the retroviral life cycle by suppressing HIV entry and altering murine leukemia virus (MLV) entry, and it further influences viral uncoating steps."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In parallel, TRIM11 curbs excessive innate immune signaling; it negatively regulates interferon‐β production by interacting with the TBK1 complex, thereby restraining RIG-I pathway activation"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and it also binds to the AIM2 inflammasome via its PS domain to promote its autophagic degradation through p62‐dependent mechanisms, effectively damping inflammasome activation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its immunomodulatory functions, TRIM11 has emerged as an oncogenic factor in several tumor types. In malignant glioma, elevated TRIM11 expression correlates with stem cell marker levels (e.g. CD133, nestin) and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in colon cancer, overexpression of TRIM11 is linked to increased proliferation and colony formation and decreased apoptosis, which in turn predicts poorer overall and disease‐free survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " This oncogenic function is also observed in hepatocellular carcinoma and prostate cancer, where TRIM11 not only enhances tumor cell growth, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition but is also subject to regulation by microRNAs such as miR-5193."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Preliminary investigations further suggest that TRIM11 may contribute to the pathogenesis of lymphomas."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond these roles, TRIM11 is pivotal in maintaining protein homeostasis and modulating signaling pathways. It interacts with the activator-recruited cofactor ARC105 to induce its ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby influencing transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In another mechanism, TRIM11 binds to both the proteasome and USP14, impeding USP14’s premature deubiquitination activity and enhancing overall proteolytic degradation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Most notably, TRIM11 exhibits ATP-independent molecular chaperone and disaggregase activities that prevent the formation of protein aggregates and dissolve pre-existing amyloid fibrils (including pathogenic tau aggregates), offering neuroprotective benefits in models of tauopathies and Parkinson’s disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pradeep D Uchil, Brian D Quinlan, Wai-Tsing Chan, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TRIM11 Suppresses AIM2 Inflammasome by Degrading AIM2 via p62-Dependent Selective Autophagy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.019"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.019"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27498865"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27498865"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "K Di, M E Linskey, D A Bota "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TRIM11 is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2012.531"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2012.531"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23178488"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23178488"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan Yin, Jun Zhong, Si-Wei Li, et al. 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