{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA survey of the literature highlights a remarkable breadth of studies that have dissected the physiological and pathological roles of death‐receptor signaling—particularly via the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system—in regulating apoptosis, immune cell homeostasis, and tissue remodeling. For example, estrogen’s regulation of osteoclast apoptosis in bone maintenance (via Fas/FasL;"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", Fas‐dependent apoptotic cascades in lymphocytes"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and the involvement of Fas in motoneuron death"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "are only a few instances among many that underscore the importance of these pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these studies elucidate that Fas signaling is not solely an inducer of programmed cell death but also plays non‐apoptotic roles—such as in inflammatory cytokine maturation, regulation of cell invasion in cancer, and modulation of tissue repair. Examples include Fas‐mediated regulation in the liver and pancreas"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", CaMKII‐coupled Fas activation in endoplasmic reticulum stress"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and Fas‐dependent mechanisms in immune regulation and tumorigenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "18", "end_ref": "27"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nNotably, despite this extensive body of work on the Fas/FasL and related apoptotic and non‐apoptotic signaling pathways in diverse models—from intestinal and hepatic injury to neurodegeneration and cancer progression"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "28", "end_ref": "39"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "—none of the reports address or mention TSPY4. 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