TWF1 Gene

Name	twinfilin actin binding protein 1
Description	This gene encodes twinfilin, an actin monomer-binding protein conserved from yeast to mammals. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this protein may be an actin monomer-binding protein, and its localization to cortical G-actin-rich structures may be regulated by the small GTPase RAC1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTwinfilin‐1 (TWF1) is an evolutionarily conserved actin monomer–binding protein composed of two ADF‐homology (ADF‐H) domains that control actin dynamics by preferentially binding ADP‐G‐actin. This binding modulates the actin monomer pool and competes with other actin regulators, thereby influencing filament assembly and overall cytoskeletal organization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its core biochemical activity, TWF1 has emerged as a critical regulator in various cellular processes. In cardiomyocytes, for example, TWF1 is directly targeted by microRNA‐1, and its upregulation is associated with hypertrophic growth, suggesting that cytoskeletal remodeling contributes to cardiac hypertrophy. In breast cancer, TWF1 promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by modulating interleukin‐11 signaling and is implicated in chemoresistance and invasion. Similarly, elevated TWF1 levels in non–small cell lung cancer correlate with increased cell motility and aggressive tumor behavior."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional layers of regulation have been uncovered in recent studies, where microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs modulate TWF1 expression to impact drug resistance and tumor progression. In investigations addressing chemoresistance, altered expression of regulatory RNAs such as microRNA‐486‐5p, microRNA‐30c, and miR‐153‑3p—as well as long noncoding RNAs like FGD5‐AS1—has been shown to influence TWF1 levels and, consequently, affect the invasive and resistant phenotypes of breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Moreover, innovative strategies targeting TWF1, including the development of peptide‐modified nanocarriers to deliver chemotherapeutics and TWF1 siRNA, have been shown to overcome paclitaxel resistance in brain metastatic breast cancer. In lung adenocarcinoma, TWF1 further promotes migration, invasion, and autophagy through activation of the cAMP signaling pathway, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pauli J Ojala, Ville O Paavilainen, Maria K Vartiainen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The two ADF-H domains of twinfilin play functionally distinct roles in interactions with actin monomers."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Biol Cell (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1091/mbc.e02-03-0157"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-03-0157"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12429826"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12429826"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Maria K Vartiainen, Elisa M Sarkkinen, Tanja Matilainen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mammals have two twinfilin isoforms whose subcellular localizations and tissue distributions are differentially regulated."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M303642200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M303642200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12807912"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12807912"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qing Li, Xiao-Wei Song, Jun Zou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Attenuation of microRNA-1 derepresses the cytoskeleton regulatory protein twinfilin-1 to provoke cardiac hypertrophy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.067165"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.067165"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20571053"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20571053"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jessica Bockhorn, Kathy Yee, Ya-Fang Chang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-30c targets cytoskeleton genes involved in breast cancer cell invasion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Breast Cancer Res Treat (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10549-012-2346-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-012-2346-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23224145"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23224145"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jessica Bockhorn, Rachel Dalton, Chika Nwachukwu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-30c inhibits human breast tumour chemotherapy resistance by regulating TWF1 and IL-11."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms2393"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2393"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23340433"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23340433"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhang Kaishang, Pan Xue, Zheng Shaozhong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elevated expression of Twinfilin-1 is correlated with inferior prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Life Sci (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.067"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.067"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30391462"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30391462"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaoyan Jin, Wenyang Pang, Qiang Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-486-5p improves nonsmall-cell lung cancer chemotherapy sensitivity and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting twinfilin actin binding protein 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Int Med Res (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1177/0300060519850739"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519850739"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31117868"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31117868"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lu-Lu Sun, Ming Cheng, Xiao-Dong Xu "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-30c inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by targeting twinfilin 1 and indicates a poor prognosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "World J Gastroenterol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3748/wjg.v25.i42.6311"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i42.6311"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31754292"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31754292"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jiawei Du, Yong Shao, Yue Hu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Multifunctional Liposomes Enable Active Targeting and Twinfilin 1 Silencing to Reverse Paclitaxel Resistance in Brain Metastatic Breast Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ACS Appl Mater Interfaces (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/acsami.1c02822"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c02822"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33982563"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33982563"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yue Yang, Longqing Shi, Dong Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long non-coding RNA FGD5-AS1 contributes to cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via sponging microRNA-153-3p by upregulating Twinfilin Actin Binding Protein 1 (TWF1)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioengineered (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/21655979.2021.1971484"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1971484"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34519634"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34519634"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yu Wang, Ran Zuo, Gengwei Huo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TWF1 induces autophagy and accelerates malignant phenotype in lung adenocarcinoma via inhibiting the cAMP signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FASEB J (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1096/fj.202300248R"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202300248R"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37358822"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37358822"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	A6, PTK9
Proteins	TWF1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	5756
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

TWF1 has 7,124 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 121 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for TWF1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

TWF1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by TWF1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of TWF1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TWF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with TWF1 gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with TWF1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with TWF1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TWF1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TWF1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of TWF1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing TWF1 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of TWF1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TWF1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing TWF1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TWF1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with TWF1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with TWF1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TWF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with TWF1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with TWF1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TWF1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of TWF1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by TWF1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with TWF1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with TWF1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TWF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with TWF1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TWF1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TWF1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TWF1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing TWF1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TWF1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.