TXNDC9 Gene

Name	thioredoxin domain containing 9
Description	The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the thioredoxin family. The exact function of this protein is not known but it is associated with cell differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTXNDC9, a thioredoxin domain‐containing protein involved in redox regulation, is upregulated in several cancer types and has emerged as an important mediator of tumor progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), elevated TXNDC9 expression correlates with increased tumor invasion and growth, suggesting a role in disease development ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), TXNDC9 overexpression is associated with advanced tumor grade and poor prognosis, where it accelerates cell proliferation by interacting with oncogenic factors such as MYC ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn prostate cancer, TXNDC9 links oxidative stress to androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Under reactive oxygen species–inducing conditions, increased TXNDC9 expression promotes AR protein expression and transcriptional activity by modulating critical protein–protein interactions that involve dissociation from PRDX1 and association with MDM2, leading to its degradation and enhanced AR stabilization ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Moreover, in oxaliplatin‐resistant CRC cells, TXNDC9 is induced by the chemotherapeutic agent and regulates cell survival pathways—including autophagy and apoptosis via the Nrf2 pathway—thereby contributing to drug resistance ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTXNDC9 further exerts oncogenic functions in additional tumor types. In gastric cancer, high TXNDC9 levels promote cell invasion and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition through activation of the NF‐κB signaling cascade, correlating with an adverse clinical outcome ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. In lung adenocarcinoma, TXNDC9 interacts with YWHAG (14–3–3γ) to enhance cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, with YWHAG overexpression capable of rescuing the inhibitory effects induced by TXNDC9 knockdown ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Similarly, in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, TXNDC9 is markedly upregulated—especially following UV‐B exposure—and promotes NF‑κB nuclear translocation that mitigates stress‐induced cell death, thereby underscoring its protective role in this malignancy ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aiguo Lu, Xiongzhi Wangpu, Dingpei Han, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TXNDC9 expression in colorectal cancer cells and its influence on colorectal cancer prognosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Invest (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3109/07357907.2012.732160"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3109/07357907.2012.732160"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23210642"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23210642"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dawei Chen, Jixue Zou, Zhenguo Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TXNDC9 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by positive regulation of MYC-mediated transcriptional network."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41419-018-1150-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-1150-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30382079"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30382079"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tingting Feng, Ru Zhao, Feifei Sun, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TXNDC9 regulates oxidative stress-induced androgen receptor signaling to promote prostate cancer progression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41388-019-0991-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-019-0991-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31477836"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31477836"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wenjie Zhou, Cheng Fang, Liwen Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 9 (TXNDC9) contributes to oxaliplatin resistance through regulation of autophagy-apoptosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.092"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.092"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32029274"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32029274"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qun-Cao Yang, Nan Hao, Rui-Hua Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "High level of TXNDC9 predicts poor prognosis and contributes to the NF-κB-regulated metastatic potential in gastric cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neoplasma (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4149/neo_2021_210806N1115"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4149/neo_2021_210806N1115"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34846159"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34846159"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jing Wang, Xiaotao Pan, Jie Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TXNDC9 knockdown inhibits lung adenocarcinoma progression by targeting YWHAG."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Med Rep (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/mmr.2022.12719"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12719"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35485284"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35485284"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhixun Xiao, Qiuyun Xu, Haiqing Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 9 protects cells against UV-B-provoked apoptosis via NF-κB/p65 activation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Res (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.32604/or.2022.028075"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2022.028075"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37303736"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37303736"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	APACD, PHLP3
Proteins	TXND9_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	10190
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

TXNDC9 has 9,503 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 105 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for TXNDC9 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

TXNDC9 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of TXNDC9 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TXNDC9 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with TXNDC9 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TXNDC9 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TXNDC9 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of TXNDC9 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas	gene perturbations changing expression of TXNDC9 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing TXNDC9 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of TXNDC9 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TXNDC9 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing TXNDC9 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing TXNDC9 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with TXNDC9 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with TXNDC9 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of TXNDC9 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with TXNDC9 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with TXNDC9 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TXNDC9 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of TXNDC9 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by TXNDC9 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with TXNDC9 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with TXNDC9 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with TXNDC9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with TXNDC9 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at TXNDC9 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of TXNDC9 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of TXNDC9 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing TXNDC9 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of TXNDC9 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with TXNDC9 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.