{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have revealed a multifaceted role for UBAP2 and its circular RNA isoform (circUBAP2) in human cancers. In prostate cancer, amplification of the 9p13.3 region is associated with increased UBAP2 expression, suggesting a role in tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In contrast, in hepatocellular carcinoma, the canonical UBAP2 protein forms a complex with Annexin A2 to promote its ubiquitin‐dependent degradation, thereby restraining tumor aggressiveness."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In lung cancer, a circUBAP2 transcript promotes cell proliferation and invasion"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while in triple‐negative breast cancer circ‑UBAP2 acts as a miR‑661 sponge to upregulate oncogenic MTA1 expression and drive malignancy."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in ovarian cancer, emerging evidence indicates that circRNA‑UBAP2 contributes to tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional investigations have expanded the oncogenic portfolio of UBAP2. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, UBAP2 regulates KRAS activation and macropinocytosis, processes essential for maintaining the high metabolic demands of cancer cells."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In glioma, circ‑UBAP2 has been characterized as a tumor driver, whereas in thyroid cancer, circUBAP2 promotes cell proliferation and invasion through sequestration of miR‑370‑3p."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in tumor cell proliferation and invasion, UBAP2 participates in critical regulatory pathways. It has been implicated as a human orthologue of yeast Def1 by mediating the ubiquitylation and degradation of stalled RNA polymerase II through recruitment of an Elongin‐Cul5 ubiquitin ligase."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in melanoma, polyubiquitination of a purine synthesis enzyme recruits UBAP2 via its ubiquitin‐binding and intrinsically disordered regions, triggering phase separation and assembly of purinosomes that enhance de novo purine synthesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, further evidence in prostate cancer underscores the oncogenic potential of the circUBAP2 variant, highlighting its emerging significance as a therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Leena Latonen, Katri A Leinonen, Teemu Grönlund, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Effect of Circular RNA UBAP2 Silencing on Proliferation and Invasion of Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells and Its Mechanism]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.12.02"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.12.02"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29277177"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29277177"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shengting Wang, Qian Li, Yufang Wang, et al. 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