{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nVascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) is a central endothelial receptor that orchestrates leukocyte adhesion and transmigration in inflammation. Under resting conditions VCAM‐1 is minimally expressed, but it is rapidly induced in response to proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF–α, IL‐18) and metabolic stresses such as hyperglycemia, advanced glycation end‐products, homocysteine and oxidant stimuli. This induced expression is tightly regulated via numerous signaling cascades—including NF–κB, MAP kinase (p38, ERK, JNK), PI3K, Rho/Rac and even by post‐transcriptional mechanisms such as microRNA‐126 modulation—and leads to cytoskeletal rearrangements that support dynamic docking structures for leukocyte extravasation. Moreover, studies in vascular and renal endothelial cells, as well as in synovial fibroblasts, demonstrate the importance of VCAM‐1 in mediating monocyte recruitment (enhanced further by factors such as thrombin, insulin, resistin and even androgens) and underscore its role in early atherogenic and inflammatory cascades."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "29"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its classical role during inflammation, aberrant VCAM‐1 expression on tumor cells has emerged as a critical mediator of metastasis. In breast, ovarian, and even renal cell carcinomas, VCAM‐1 not only facilitates direct adhesive interactions with integrin‐expressing leukocytes or stromal cells but also triggers intracellular pro‐survival and pro‐migratory signaling cascades—such as Akt activation—to promote the establishment of metastatic niches. These findings highlight an evolving paradigm in which VCAM‐1 serves as a bridge between tumor cells and their supportive microenvironments, enabling immune evasion and metastatic progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "30", "end_ref": "37"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTherapeutic strategies increasingly target the regulation of VCAM‐1 expression to mitigate pathological inflammation and tumor progression. Pharmacological agents such as the long‐acting GLP–1 analogue liraglutide, curcumin, and FAK inhibitors—as well as approaches modulating endogenous factors (for example, through NF–κB suppression or microRNA modulation) and interventions aimed at normalizing metabolic imbalances—have been shown to attenuate VCAM‐1–mediated adhesion and signaling. In addition, interactions between VCAM‐1 and its counter‐receptor VLA–4 have been exploited to disrupt stromal–tumor crosstalk and leukocyte recruitment, highlighting VCAM‐1 as a promising target in both inflammatory and malignant diseases."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "38", "end_ref": "45"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tamia A Harris, Munekazu Yamakuchi, Marcella Ferlito, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-126 regulates endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0707493105"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707493105"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18227515"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18227515"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Olga Barreiro, Maria Yanez-Mo, Juan M Serrador, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dynamic interaction of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 with moesin and ezrin in a novel endothelial docking structure for adherent leukocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.200112126"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200112126"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12082081"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12082081"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Louise A Johnson, Steven Clasper, Andrew P Holt, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "An inflammation-induced mechanism for leukocyte transmigration across lymphatic vessel endothelium."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Med (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1084/jem.20051759"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20051759"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17116732"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17116732"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jin-Song Shen, Xing-Li Meng, David F Moore, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Globotriaosylceramide induces oxidative stress and up-regulates cell adhesion molecule expression in Fabry disease endothelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Genet Metab (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.06.016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.06.016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18707907"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18707907"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sandra van Wetering, Nadia van den Berk, Jaap D van Buul, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "VCAM-1-mediated Rac signaling controls endothelial cell-cell contacts and leukocyte transmigration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Physiol Cell Physiol (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1152/ajpcell.00048.2003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00048.2003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12700137"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12700137"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Giuseppina Basta, Guido Lazzerini, Serena Del Turco, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "At least 2 distinct pathways generating reactive oxygen species mediate vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induction by advanced glycation end products."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/01.ATV.0000167522.48370.5e"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000167522.48370.5e"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15845907"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15845907"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhigang Zhou, Michelle C Connell, David J MacEwan "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TNFR1-induced NF-kappaB, but not ERK, p38MAPK or JNK activation, mediates TNF-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on endothelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Signal (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.12.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.12.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17292586"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17292586"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tracy L Deem, Joan M Cook-Mills "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) activation of endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinases: role of reactive oxygen species."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2004-02-0665"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-02-0665"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15265790"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15265790"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "L Piconi, L Quagliaro, R Da Ros, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Intermittent high glucose enhances ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and interleukin-6 expression in human umbilical endothelial cells in culture: the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Thromb Haemost (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00835.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00835.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15304054"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15304054"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Blüher, R Unger, F Rassoul, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Relation between glycaemic control, hyperinsulinaemia and plasma concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or Type II diabetes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetologia (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00125-001-0723-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-001-0723-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11935152"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11935152"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carolyn Hoppe, William Klitz, Suzanne Cheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene interactions and stroke risk in children with sickle cell anemia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2003-09-3015"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-09-3015"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14615367"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14615367"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Asif Amin, Christian S Haas, Kui Zhu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Migration inhibitory factor up-regulates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 via Src, PI3 kinase, and NFkappaB."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2005-05-2011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-05-2011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16317091"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16317091"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shobha Bhaskar, P R Sudhakaran, A Helen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Quercetin attenuates atherosclerotic inflammation and adhesion molecule expression by modulating TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Immunol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27585526"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27585526"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cheikh I Seye, Ningpu Yu, Fernando A González, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The P2Y2 nucleotide receptor mediates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression through interaction with VEGF receptor-2 (KDR/Flk-1)."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M401799200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M401799200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15175347"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15175347"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Minami, Md Ruhul Abid, Jie Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thrombin stimulation of vascular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC)-delta-NF-kappa B and PKC-zeta-GATA signaling pathways."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M208974200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M208974200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12493764"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12493764"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Simone H Mangan, Ann Van Campenhout, Catherine Rush, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Osteoprotegerin upregulates endothelial cell adhesion molecule response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with induction of angiopoietin-2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cardiovasc Res (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.07.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.07.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17706953"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17706953"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Amy Wing Yin Ho, Chun Kwok Wong, Christopher Wai Kei Lam "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha up-regulates the expression of CCL2 and adhesion molecules of human proximal tubular epithelial cells through MAPK signaling pathways."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Immunobiology (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.imbio.2008.01.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2008.01.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18656701"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18656701"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cheikh I Seye, Ningpu Yu, Renu Jain, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The P2Y2 nucleotide receptor mediates UTP-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in coronary artery endothelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M301439200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M301439200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12714597"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12714597"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jacques C M Morel, Christy C Park, Kui Zhu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Signal transduction pathways involved in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast interleukin-18-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M206337200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M206337200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12105209"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12105209"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kenji Inoue, Mika Kobayashi, Kiichiro Yano, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Histone deacetylase inhibitor reduces monocyte adhesion to endothelium through the suppression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/01.ATV.0000247247.89787.e7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000247247.89787.e7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17008592"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17008592"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Maria Annunziata Carluccio, Maria Assunta Ancora, Marika Massaro, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Homocysteine induces VCAM-1 gene expression through NF-kappaB and NAD(P)H oxidase activation: protective role of Mediterranean diet polyphenolic antioxidants."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1152/ajpheart.00432.2007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00432.2007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17586618"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17586618"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wei-Yen Hsu, Yu-Wen Chao, Ying-Lan Tsai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Resistin induces monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by increasing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells via p38MAPK-dependent pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Physiol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcp.22555"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.22555"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21520070"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21520070"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hideaki Shimada, Lakshman E Rajagopalan "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rho kinase-2 activation in human endothelial cells drives lysophosphatidic acid-mediated expression of cell adhesion molecules via NF-kappaB p65."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109.099630"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.099630"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20164172"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20164172"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "R Madonna, A Pandolfi, M Massaro, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Insulin enhances vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human cultured endothelial cells through a pro-atherogenic pathway mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein-kinase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diabetologia (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00125-004-1330-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-004-1330-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14762656"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14762656"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sandeep Singh, Tianfu Wu, Chun Xie, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Urine VCAM-1 as a marker of renal pathology activity index in lupus nephritis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arthritis Res Ther (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/ar3912"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3912"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22788914"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22788914"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Haruhiko Hatakeyama, Makoto Nishizawa, Atsushi Nakagawa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Testosterone inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human aortic endothelial cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FEBS Lett (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03440-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "03440-3) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12387879"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12387879"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joseph Baar, Paula Silverman, Janice Lyons, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A vasculature-targeting regimen of preoperative docetaxel with or without bevacizumab for locally advanced breast cancer: impact on angiogenic biomarkers."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2917"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2917"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19417018"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19417018"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chongxiu Sun, Kenan Alkhoury, Ying I Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IRF-1 and miRNA126 modulate VCAM-1 expression in response to a high-fat meal."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Circ Res (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.270314"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.270314"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22874466"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22874466"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "T S Altannavch, K Roubalová, P Kucera, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Effect of high glucose concentrations on expression of ELAM-1, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in HUVEC with and without cytokine activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Physiol Res (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14984317"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14984317"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qing Chen, Xiang H-F Zhang, Joan Massagué "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Macrophage binding to receptor VCAM-1 transmits survival signals in breast cancer cells that invade the lungs."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Cell (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ccr.2011.08.025"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2011.08.025"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22014578"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22014578"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xin Lu, Euphemia Mu, Yong Wei, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "VCAM-1 promotes osteolytic expansion of indolent bone micrometastasis of breast cancer by engaging α4β1-positive osteoclast progenitors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Cell (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ccr.2011.11.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2011.11.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22137794"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22137794"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Martin Schlesinger, Gerd Bendas "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)--an increasing insight into its role in tumorigenicity and metastasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.28927"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28927"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24771582"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24771582"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Huilin Ye, Quanbo Zhou, Shangyou Zheng, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumor-associated macrophages promote progression and the Warburg effect via CCL18/NF-kB/VCAM-1 pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41419-018-0486-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-0486-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29670110"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29670110"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Martin Klemke, Tatjana Weschenfelder, Mathias H Konstandin, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "High affinity interaction of integrin alpha4beta1 (VLA-4) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) enhances migration of human melanoma cells across activated endothelial cell layers."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Physiol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcp.21029"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.21029"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17352405"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17352405"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qing Chen, Joan Massagué "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular pathways: VCAM-1 as a potential therapeutic target in metastasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2904"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2904"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22879387"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22879387"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 36, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jill K Slack-Davis, Kristen A Atkins, Christine Harrer, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is a regulator of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2678"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2678"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19208843"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19208843"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 37, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "T-C Wu "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in tumor immune evasion."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1543"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1543"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17616653"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17616653"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 38, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hanadie Yousef, Cathrin J Czupalla, Davis Lee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aged blood impairs hippocampal neural precursor activity and activates microglia via brain endothelial cell VCAM1."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Med (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41591-019-0440-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0440-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31086348"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31086348"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 39, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rodrigo Jacamo, Ye Chen, Zhiqiang Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reciprocal leukemia-stroma VCAM-1/VLA-4-dependent activation of NF-κB mediates chemoresistance."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Blood (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1182/blood-2013-06-511527"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-06-511527"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24599548"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24599548"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 40, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Caroline Steingen, Florian Brenig, Laura Baumgartner, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of key mechanisms in transmigration and invasion of mesenchymal stem cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Cell Cardiol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.03.010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.03.010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18462748"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18462748"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 41, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hongbin Liu, Anthony E Dear, Lotte B Knudsen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue attenuates induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and vascular adhesion molecules."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Endocrinol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1677/JOE-08-0468"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-08-0468"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19136619"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19136619"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 42, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tracey Gaspari, HongBin Liu, Iresha Welungoda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide inhibits endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular adhesion molecule expression in an ApoE-/- mouse model."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diab Vasc Dis Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1177/1479164111404257"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164111404257"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21562063"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21562063"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 43, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cleophas M Kyama, Lutgart Overbergh, Attila Mihalyi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Endometrial and peritoneal expression of aromatase, cytokines, and adhesion factors in women with endometriosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fertil Steril (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.057"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.057"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17678915"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17678915"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 44, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ssang-Taek Lim, Nichol L G Miller, Xiao Lei Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nuclear-localized focal adhesion kinase regulates inflammatory VCAM-1 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.201109067"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201109067"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22734001"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22734001"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 45, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ki-Hyung Kim, Eun Na Lee, Jin Kyeong Park, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Curcumin attenuates TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and proinflammatory cytokines in human endometriotic stromal cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Phytother Res (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ptr.3694"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3694"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22183741"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22183741"}]}]}]}