{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nVTCN1, also known as B7‐H4, is a member of the B7 family that functions primarily as an inhibitory immune checkpoint. It is broadly expressed at the mRNA level and inducibly appears on antigen‐presenting cells and activated lymphocytes. Through its interactions with as yet unidentified receptors on activated T cells, VTCN1 suppresses immune responses by inducing cell cycle arrest, reducing cytokine secretion, and inhibiting T cell proliferation. These immunoregulatory actions have been demonstrated in several settings where engagement of VTCN1 limits cytotoxicity and cytokine release, thus contributing to peripheral tolerance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the context of cancer, aberrant expression of VTCN1 on tumor cells and tumor‐associated macrophages has been repeatedly linked to immune evasion. Numerous studies in ovarian, gastric, renal, lung, and other malignancies have shown that high VTCN1 expression correlates with decreased tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, advanced disease stage, metastasis, and poorer clinical outcomes. Blockade of VTCN1—with specific antibodies or fusion proteins—has been shown to restore T cell activity and improve antitumor immunity, suggesting that VTCN1 not only serves as a prognostic biomarker but also represents a promising target for immunotherapeutic intervention."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "22"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its canonical role in dampening T cell responses, VTCN1 modulates additional cellular and molecular processes that impact tumor progression and tissue homeostasis. Its expression has been linked to alterations in intracellular signaling pathways—such as the IL‐6/STAT3 axis—and regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. Structural studies and antigen‐targeting approaches, including the development of bispecific antibodies, further underscore its potential as a therapeutic target. Moreover, evidence has emerged that VTCN1 contributes to the creation of an immunosuppressive yet tissue‐repair–permissive microenvironment, as observed in settings like wound healing. These multifaceted roles highlight VTCN1’s importance in both tumorigenesis and in the modulation of immune responses within diverse pathological contexts."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "23", "end_ref": "34"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gabriel L Sica, In Hak Choi, Gefeng Zhu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4, a molecule of the B7 family, negatively regulates T cell immunity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Immunity (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00152-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00152-3) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12818165"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12818165"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Durbaka V R Prasad, Sabrina Richards, Xoi Muoi Mai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7S1, a novel B7 family member that negatively regulates T cell activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Immunity (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00147-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(03"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00147-x) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12818166"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12818166"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "In-Hak Choi, Gefeng Zhu, Gabriel L Sica, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genomic organization and expression analysis of B7-H4, an immune inhibitory molecule of the B7 family."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2003)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.171.9.4650"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.171.9.4650"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14568939"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14568939"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Susana Salceda, Tenny Tang, Muriel Kmet, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The immunomodulatory protein B7-H4 is overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers and promotes epithelial cell transformation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.01.018"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.01.018"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15878339"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15878339"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ilona Kryczek, Shuang Wei, Linhua Zou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cutting edge: induction of B7-H4 on APCs through IL-10: novel suppressive mode for regulatory T cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.40"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.40"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16785496"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16785496"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Amy E Krambeck, R Houston Thompson, Haidong Dong, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4 expression in renal cell carcinoma and tumor vasculature: associations with cancer progression and survival."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0600937103"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600937103"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16798883"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16798883"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qun Xue, Xi-Ying Luan, Yan-Zheng Gu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The negative co-signaling molecule b7-h4 is expressed by human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and mediates its T-cell modulatory activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stem Cells Dev (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1089/scd.2009.0076"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2009.0076"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19788399"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19788399"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ilona Kryczek, Linhua Zou, Paulo Rodriguez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4 expression identifies a novel suppressive macrophage population in human ovarian carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Med (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1084/jem.20050930"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050930"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16606666"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16606666"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Miyatake, Barbara Tringler, Wenhui Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4 (DD-O110) is overexpressed in high risk uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas and inversely correlated with tumor T-cell infiltration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gynecol Oncol (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.03.039"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.03.039"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17509674"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17509674"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "R Houston Thompson, Xingxing Zang, Christine M Lohse, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Serum-soluble B7x is elevated in renal cell carcinoma patients and is associated with advanced stage."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0869"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0869"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18676826"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18676826"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jingting Jiang, Yibei Zhu, Changping Wu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumor expression of B7-H4 predicts poor survival of patients suffering from gastric cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Immunol Immunother (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00262-010-0900-7"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-010-0900-7"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20725832"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20725832"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lu-jun Chen, Jing Sun, Hong-ya Wu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4 expression associates with cancer progression and predicts patient's survival in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Immunol Immunother (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00262-011-1017-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-011-1017-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21519829"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21519829"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Janelle M Fauci, J Michael Straughn, Soldano Ferrone, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A review of B7-H3 and B7-H4 immune molecules and their role in ovarian cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gynecol Oncol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.08.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.08.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22910694"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22910694"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "L Zhang, H Wu, D Lu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The costimulatory molecule B7-H4 promote tumor progression and cell proliferation through translocating into nucleus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2012.600"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2012.600"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23318460"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23318460"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anke Vanderstraeten, Catherine Luyten, Godelieve Verbist, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mapping the immunosuppressive environment in uterine tumors: implications for immunotherapy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Immunol Immunother (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00262-014-1537-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-014-1537-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24658839"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24658839"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Li-wei Zhao, Chun Li, Rui-lan Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H1 and B7-H4 expression in colorectal carcinoma: correlation with tumor FOXP3(+) regulatory T-cell infiltration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acta Histochem (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.acthis.2014.06.003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2014.06.003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25053455"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25053455"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xin Wang, Tingting Wang, Man Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4 overexpression impairs the immune response of T cells in human cervical carcinomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Immunol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.humimm.2014.10.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2014.10.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25446402"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25446402"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cheng Zhang, Yiming Li, Yang Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diagnostic value of serum B7-H4 for hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Surg Res (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.034"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2015.04.034"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25963168"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25963168"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xinran Chen, Ling Wang, Wei Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4 facilitates proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells through promoting interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Sci (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/cas.12949"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.12949"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27088889"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27088889"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Li Liang, Yi Jiang, Jun-Song Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4 expression in ovarian serous carcinoma: a study of 306 cases."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Pathol (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.humpath.2016.06.011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2016.06.011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27349304"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27349304"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lei Wu, Wei-Wei Deng, Guang-Tao Yu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4 expression indicates poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Immunol Immunother (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00262-016-1867-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-016-1867-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27383830"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27383830"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yu Yao, Feifei Luo, Chao Tang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular subgroups and B7-H4 expression levels predict responses to dendritic cell vaccines in glioblastoma: an exploratory randomized phase II clinical trial."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Immunol Immunother (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00262-018-2232-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-018-2232-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30159779"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30159779"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takaaki Arigami, Yoshikazu Uenosono, Sumiya Ishigami, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinical significance of the B7-H4 coregulatory molecule as a novel prognostic marker in gastric cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "World J Surg (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00268-011-1186-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-1186-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21748517"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21748517"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Changjun He, Haiquan Qiao, Hongchi Jiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The inhibitory role of b7-h4 in antitumor immunity: association with cancer progression and survival."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Dev Immunol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1155/2011/695834"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/695834"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22013483"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22013483"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yael M Abadi, Hyungjun Jeon, Kim C Ohaegbulam, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Host b7x promotes pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.1202439"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1202439"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23455497"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23455497"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qing Sun, Fang Li, Hong Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Amniotic fluid stem cells provide considerable advantages in epidermal regeneration: B7H4 creates a moderate inflammation microenvironment to promote wound repair."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep11560"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11560"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26101181"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26101181"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joseph R Podojil, Stephen D Miller "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Potential targeting of B7-H4 for the treatment of cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Immunol Rev (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/imr.12530"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12530"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28258701"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28258701"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heather L MacGregor, Pamela S Ohashi "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular Pathways: Evaluating the Potential for B7-H4 as an Immunoregulatory Target."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2440"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2440"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28325750"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28325750"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Amy Bregar, Amit Deshpande, Chris Grange, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of immune regulatory molecules B7-H4 and PD-L1 in low and high grade endometrial tumors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gynecol Oncol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28347512"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28347512"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nan Xie, Jia-Bin Cai, Lu Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Upregulation of B7-H4 promotes tumor progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Death Dis (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41419-017-0015-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-017-0015-6"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29235470"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29235470"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Joseph R Podojil, Ming-Yi Chiang, Igal Ifergan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4 Modulates Regulatory CD4"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sup"}], "href": "sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": "+"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sup"}], "href": "/sup"}, {"type": "t", "text": " T Cell Induction and Function via Ligation of a Semaphorin 3a/Plexin A4/Neuropilin-1 Complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.1700811"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1700811"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29898965"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29898965"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sai Han, Ying Wang, Xuejiao Shi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Negative roles of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in the microenvironment of cervical cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Cell Res (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.014"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.014"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30099052"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30099052"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Akira Iizuka, Chizu Nonomura, Tadashi Ashizawa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A T-cell-engaging B7-H4/CD3-bispecific Fab-scFv Antibody Targets Human Breast Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-3123"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-3123"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30737243"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30737243"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jia-Yu Wang, Wei-Peng Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B7-H4, a promising target for immunotherapy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Immunol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31733822"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31733822"}]}]}]}