{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn hepatocellular carcinoma models, the von Willebrand factor C and EGF domain‐containing protein (also known as URG11) is induced by hepatitis B virus X protein. This induction leads to transactivation of the β‐catenin promoter and subsequent upregulation of wild‑type β‑catenin and its downstream effectors, which in turn promote hepatocellular growth and survival. These findings underscore a critical role for URG11 in mediating HBxAg‑associated oncogenic signaling in the liver."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn gastrointestinal malignancies such as gastric and pancreatic cancers, URG11 is markedly overexpressed and contributes to tumor progression. Elevated URG11 levels enhance the activation and nuclear accumulation of β‑catenin, thereby upregulating proliferation‑related genes (e.g. cyclin D1, c‑Myc) and promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). This cascade facilitates increased invasive and metastatic behavior and is associated with poor patient prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in primary tumors, URG11 contributes to disease progression in other contexts. In renal tubular epithelial cells, URG11 mediates hypoxia‑induced EMT through β‑catenin transactivation, resulting in increased expression of mesenchymal markers. Similarly, in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, URG11 overexpression accelerates cell cycle progression and modulates EMT‑associated changes (including altered E‑cadherin, vimentin, and α‑SMA levels) as well as RhoA/ROCK1 signaling. In prostate cancer cells, URG11 knockdown results in cell cycle arrest, reduced β‑catenin expression, and impaired proliferation, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMoreover, in non‐small cell lung cancer, URG11 is similarly implicated in tumor growth and invasion via the β‑catenin pathway, with its downregulation curtailing the expression of key oncogenic drivers such as c‑Myc and cyclin D1. In renal diseases like IgA nephropathy, altered URG11 expression is correlated with pathological parameters, suggesting its broader involvement in disease pathogenesis beyond cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhaorui Lian, Jie Liu, Li Li, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Silencing of URG11 expression inhibits the proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in benign prostatic hyperplasia cells via the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Med Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/mmr.2018.8993"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8993"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29749520"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29749520"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bin Pan, Yunlin Ye, Haiping Liu, et al. 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