WIPI1 Gene

HGNC Family	WD repeat domain containing (WDR)
Name	WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1
Description	This gene encodes a WD40 repeat protein. Members of the WD40 repeat family are key components of many essential biologic functions. They regulate the assembly of multiprotein complexes by presenting a beta-propeller platform for simultaneous and reversible protein-protein interactions. Members of the WIPI subfamily of WD40 repeat proteins have a 7-bladed propeller structure and contain a conserved motif for interaction with phospholipids. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nWIPI1 is a critical phosphoinositide‐binding effector that plays a central role in autophagy. Studies have shown that WIPI1 is recruited to and accumulates at LC3‐positive autophagosomal membranes in response to autophagy‐inducing stimuli, a process that is dependent on its binding to PI(3)P and that can be blocked by PI3 kinase inhibitors. Its mRNA expression levels serve as a reliable marker of autophagosome formation, and its transcription is tightly regulated by upstream signaling pathways, including negative regulation via the ABL–ERK–MYC axis. In addition, proper induction of WIPI1 is required for differentiation processes such as neutrophil maturation, with aberrant expression linked to defects in autophagic flux."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its canonical role in autophagy, WIPI1 functions in specialized membrane dynamics. It assists in melanosome biogenesis by modulating mTORC1 signaling and promoting the transcription of melanogenic enzymes, contributing to the maturation of pigment‐producing organelles. Genome‐wide association studies have implicated WIPI1 in lipoprotein metabolism, highlighting its broader impact on lipid homeostasis. Moreover, WIPI1 supports endosomal protein exit by regulating the formation and fission of tubulo‐vesicular carriers—a function that is dependent on specific phosphoinositide binding and proper bilayer deformation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nClinically, dysregulation of WIPI1 has been associated with diverse pathophysiological conditions. In cardiac myocytes, WIPI1 upregulation is linked to non‐canonical autophagy and altered mitochondrial oxidative signaling in the failing right ventricle. In cancer, divergent roles of WIPI1 have emerged: reduced expression correlates with impaired myeloid differentiation in acute leukemias, while in solid tumors such as osteosarcoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, altered WIPI1 levels influence cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis via interactions with proteins like TRIM21. These findings underscore the potential of WIPI1 not only as a biological marker for autophagic and endosomal activity but also as a candidate target in therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating lipid metabolism, cardiac function, and tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "12", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tassula Proikas-Cezanne, Scott Waddell, Anja Gaugel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WIPI-1alpha (WIPI49), a member of the novel 7-bladed WIPI protein family, is aberrantly expressed in human cancer and is linked to starvation-induced autophagy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.onc.1208331"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208331"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15602573"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15602573"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tassula Proikas-Cezanne, Sabine Ruckerbauer, York-Dieter Stierhof, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human WIPI-1 puncta-formation: a novel assay to assess mammalian autophagy."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FEBS Lett (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.040"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.040"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17618624"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17618624"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meizhen Chen, Masumi Takano-Maruyama, Olivia M Pereira-Smith, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MRG15, a component of HAT and HDAC complexes, is essential for proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci Res (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jnr.21976"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21976"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19115414"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19115414"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tassula Proikas-Cezanne, Horst Robenek "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Freeze-fracture replica immunolabelling reveals human WIPI-1 and WIPI-2 as membrane proteins of autophagosomes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Mol Med (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01339.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01339.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21564513"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21564513"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Satoshi Tsuyuki, Mei Takabayashi, Manami Kawazu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Detection of WIPI1 mRNA as an indicator of autophagosome formation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Autophagy (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4161/auto.27419"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.27419"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24384561"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24384561"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann-Katrin Thost, Pierre Dönnes, Oliver Kohlbacher, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fluorescence-based imaging of autophagy progression by human WIPI protein detection."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Methods (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.11.011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.11.011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25462558"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25462558"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Katharina Sporbeck, Maximilian L Haas, Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The ABL-MYC axis controls WIPI1-enhanced autophagy in lifespan extension."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Commun Biol (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s42003-023-05236-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05236-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37620393"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37620393"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Daniel I Chasman, Guillaume Paré, Samia Mora, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Forty-three loci associated with plasma lipoprotein size, concentration, and cholesterol content in genome-wide analysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1000730"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000730"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19936222"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19936222"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hsiang Ho, Rubina Kapadia, Sejad Al-Tahan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WIPI1 coordinates melanogenic gene transcription and melanosome formation via TORC1 inhibition."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M110.200543"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.200543"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21317285"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21317285"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yuda Wei, Cheng Tian, Yongxu Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MRG15 orchestrates rhythmic epigenomic remodelling and controls hepatic lipid metabolism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Metab (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s42255-020-0203-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-0203-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32694659"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32694659"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Maria Giovanna De Leo, Philipp Berger, Andreas Mayer "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WIPI1 promotes fission of endosomal transport carriers and formation of autophagosomes through distinct mechanisms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Autophagy (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/15548627.2021.1886830"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2021.1886830"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33685363"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33685363"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Christos Tzimas, Christoph D Rau, Petra E Buergisser, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WIPI1 is a conserved mediator of right ventricular failure."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "JCI Insight (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/jci.insight.122929"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.122929"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31021818"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31021818"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yin Zhao, Wen-Fei Li, Qing-Jie Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "WIPI-1 inhibits metastasis and tumour growth via the WIPI-1-TRIM21 axis and MYC regulation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oral Oncol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105576"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105576"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34689010"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34689010"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cheng Tian, Xuewen Min, Yongxu Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MRG15 aggravates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression by regulating the mitochondrial proteolytic degradation of TUFM."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Hepatol (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jhep.2022.07.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.07.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35985547"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35985547"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	ATG18, WIPI49, ATG18A
Proteins	WIPI1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	55062
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

WIPI1 has 10,598 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 117 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for WIPI1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

WIPI1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of WIPI1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of WIPI1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with WIPI1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with WIPI1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of WIPI1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of WIPI1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of WIPI1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of WIPI1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing WIPI1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing WIPI1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with WIPI1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with WIPI1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of WIPI1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with WIPI1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with WIPI1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with WIPI1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of WIPI1 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by WIPI1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with WIPI1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with WIPI1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with WIPI1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with WIPI1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with WIPI1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at WIPI1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of WIPI1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of WIPI1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing WIPI1 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with WIPI1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of WIPI1 gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with WIPI1 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.