WT1 Gene

HGNC Family	Zinc fingers
Name	Wilms tumor 1
Description	This gene encodes a transcription factor that contains four zinc-finger motifs at the C-terminus and a proline/glutamine-rich DNA-binding domain at the N-terminus. It has an essential role in the normal development of the urogenital system, and it is mutated in a small subset of patients with Wilms tumor. This gene exhibits complex tissue-specific and polymorphic imprinting pattern, with biallelic, and monoallelic expression from the maternal and paternal alleles in different tissues. Multiple transcript variants have been described. In several variants, there is evidence for the use of a non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation codon upstream of, and in-frame with the first AUG. Authors of PMID:7926762 also provide evidence that WT1 mRNA undergoes RNA editing in human and rat, and that this process is tissue-restricted and developmentally regulated. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nWT1 is a multifunctional zinc‐finger protein that plays a critical role in normal organ development and differentiation. In the developing kidney, gonads, and retina, WT1 regulates key downstream targets (for example, Pou4f2 in retinal ganglion cells) and its activity is finely tuned by alternative translation initiation, splicing, imprinting, and cofactors such as BASP1. These complex regulatory mechanisms help explain the paradoxical findings that WT1 can function as both a transcriptional activator and repressor, and they underlie its involvement in congenital syndromes such as Denys–Drash and Frasier, as well as in early‐onset nephrotic syndromes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn cancer, particularly in various forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other hematologic malignancies, WT1 is frequently overexpressed and/or mutated. WT1 overexpression renders leukemic cells immunogenic and, as such, WT1‐derived peptides have been successfully used to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses that correlate with clinical regression. In addition, WT1 genetic alterations—including point mutations, deletions, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in key exons—are associated with adverse prognostic features and can be used as markers for minimal residual disease monitoring. Moreover, studies have documented that the mutation spectrum and dosage of WT1 may influence leukemogenesis through a complex interplay with other oncogenic mutations, underscoring its central role in the molecular network driving myeloid malignancies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "22"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in development and leukemogenesis, WT1 also exerts epigenetic and regulatory functions that impact tumor biology and other disease processes. WT1 can recruit epigenetic modifiers such as the DNA dioxygenases TET2 and TET3 to activate target genes by modulating DNA hydroxymethylation, and it influences alternative splicing events that determine the balance of pro‐ and antiangiogenic isoforms of VEGF. Furthermore, altered WT1 expression has been observed in a variety of solid tumors—including serous carcinomas and colorectal adenocarcinomas—and in renal pathologies, where its mutation or dysregulation contributes to steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndromes. In addition, aberrant WT1 expression is emerging as a useful biomarker not only for disease prognosis across both hematological malignancies and solid tumors but also for monitoring treatment response and even metabolic changes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "23", "end_ref": "33"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Y Jinno, K Yun, K Nishiwaki, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mosaic and polymorphic imprinting of the WT1 gene in humans."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (1994)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng0394-305"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0394-305"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "8012395"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8012395"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "W Bruening, J Pelletier "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A non-AUG translational initiation event generates novel WT1 isoforms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (1996)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.271.15.8646"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.15.8646"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "8621495"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8621495"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kay-Dietrich Wagner, Nicole Wagner, Valerie P I Vidal, et al. 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Synonyms	AWT1, GUD, WIT-2, NPHS4, WT33, EWS-WT1
Proteins	WT1_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	7490
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

WT1 has 14,127 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 129 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for WT1 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

WT1 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by WT1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of WT1 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of WT1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of WT1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving WT1 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of WT1 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of WT1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of WT1 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures	small molecule perturbations changing expression of WT1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of WT1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of WT1 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with WT1 gene mutations from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with WT1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of WT1 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of WT1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of WT1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with WT1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025	phenotypes associated with WT1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of WT1 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing WT1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing WT1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing WT1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with WT1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with WT1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of WT1 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with WT1 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with WT1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with WT1 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by WT1 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving WT1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving WT1 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with WT1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with WT1 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with WT1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with WT1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with WT1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with WT1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at WT1 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of WT1 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of WT1 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.