XAGE2 Gene

Name X antigen family, member 2
Description This gene is a member of the XAGE subfamily, which belongs to the GAGE family. The GAGE genes are expressed in a variety of tumors and in some fetal and reproductive tissues. This gene is strongly expressed in normal testis, and in Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, a breast cancer and a germ cell tumor. The protein encoded by this gene shares a sequence similarity with other GAGE/PAGE proteins. Because of the expression pattern and the sequence similarity, this protein also belongs to a family of CT (cancer-testis) antigens. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Summary
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In addition, in vivo models lacking catalytic FER activity show dysregulated leukocyte adhesion and emigration during inflammatory challenges, highlighting its role in immune cell recruitment and vascular responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the context of reproduction, FER and its testis‐specific variant, FerT, are pivotal. They contribute to crucial steps in gametogenesis by regulating sperm functions and acrosome development as well as orchestrating proper meiotic spindle formation in oocytes, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during maturation. Moreover, FER localized to the mitochondria supports electron transport chain complex I activity and ATP production, which is essential during periods of nutrient and oxygen deprivation; intriguingly, enforced mitochondrial accumulation of FER can even endow nonmalignant cells with tumor‐forming capabilities. Complementing these roles, FER activity in sperm is necessary for the capacitation‐associated increase in tyrosine phosphorylation, a key event for successful fertilization."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nFER also plays a significant role in oncogenesis, acting through both kinase‐dependent and kinase–independent mechanisms to drive tumor progression. It is involved in PDGF‐induced signaling by binding activated PDGFRβ and facilitating STAT3 activation, and it can also promote a ligand–independent activation of the MET receptor, leading to downstream RAC1/PAK1 pathway activation that enhances cell motility and metastasis. Furthermore, FER phosphorylates substrates such as SKOR1, which in turn modulate Smad signaling, thereby contributing to the aggressive behavior observed in high‐risk cancers."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to these roles, FER is critical for neuronal regulation. Its direct interaction with neuropilin‐1 in response to semaphorin 3A triggers axonal collapse and neuronal death, contributing to the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Moreover, FER modulates the chemotactic responses of neutrophils by altering PI3K activity and the p38 MAPK pathway, which fine‐tunes directional migration toward end–target chemoattractants."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Donna-Marie McCafferty, Andrew W B Craig, Yotis A Senis, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fer kinase sustains the activation level of ERK1/2 and increases the production of VEGF in hypoxic cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Signal (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.08.001"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.08.001"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15567065"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15567065"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Abraham L Kierszenbaum, Eugene Rivkin, Laura L Tres "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of Fer testis (FerT) tyrosine kinase transcript variants and distribution sites of FerT during the development of the acrosome-acroplaxome-manchette complex in rat spermatids."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dev Dyn (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/dvdy.21789"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21789"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18985748"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18985748"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lynda K McGinnis, Xiaoman Hong, Lane K Christenson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fer tyrosine kinase is required for germinal vesicle breakdown and meiosis-I in mouse oocytes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Reprod Dev (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/mrd.21264"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.21264"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21268181"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21268181"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Etai Yaffe, Elad Hikri, Yoav Elkis, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Fer tyrosine kinase is important for platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein phosphorylation, colony formation in soft agar, and tumor growth in vivo."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.476424"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.476424"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23589302"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23589302"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gaofeng Fan, Siwei Zhang, Yan Gao, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "SKOR1 mediates FER kinase-dependent invasive growth of breast cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.260243"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.260243"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36620935"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36620935"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Susan X Jiang, Shawn Whitehead, Amy Aylsworth, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neuropilin 1 directly interacts with Fer kinase to mediate semaphorin 3A-induced death of cortical neurons."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109.080689"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.080689"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20133938"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20133938"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Maitham Khajah, Graciela Andonegui, Ronald Chan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fer kinase limits neutrophil chemotaxis toward end target chemoattractants."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.1200322"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1200322"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23355730"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23355730"}]}]}]}
Synonyms XAGE-2, XAGE2B, CT12.2, GAGED3
Proteins XAGE2_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID 9502
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View XAGE2's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View XAGE2's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View XAGE2's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

XAGE2 has 785 functional associations with biological entities spanning 7 categories (molecular profile, functional term, phrase or reference, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 39 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for XAGE2 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles tissue samples with high or low expression of XAGE2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of XAGE2 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles cell types and tissues with high or low expression of XAGE2 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of XAGE2 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of XAGE2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 transcription factors binding the promoter of XAGE2 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas gene perturbations changing expression of XAGE2 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset.
COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 cellular components co-occuring with XAGE2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of XAGE2 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
CTD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with XAGE2 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency cell lines with fitness changed by XAGE2 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores diseases co-occuring with XAGE2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 diseases co-occuring with XAGE2 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of XAGE2 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of XAGE2 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of XAGE2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations kinase perturbations changing expression of XAGE2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Kinase Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of XAGE2 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 molecular functions performed by XAGE2 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 tissues with high or low expression of XAGE2 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset.
Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles cell lines with high or low expression of XAGE2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Heiser et al., PNAS, 2011 Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of XAGE2 gene relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of XAGE2 protein relative to other tissues from the HPA Tissue Protein Expression Profiles dataset.
InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations protein domains predicted for XAGE2 protein from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 transcription factors regulating expression of XAGE2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of XAGE2 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of XAGE2 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations transcription factor perturbations changing expression of XAGE2 gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset.
LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations cellular components predicted to contain XAGE2 protein from the LOCATE Predicted Protein Localization Annotations dataset.
NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box Gene Expression Profiles drug perturbations changing expression of XAGE2 gene from the NIBR DRUG-seq U2OS MoA Box dataset.
PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of XAGE2 gene from the PerturbAtlas Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 transcription factors regulating expression of XAGE2 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset.
RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures drug perturbations changing expression of XAGE2 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset.
RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures gene perturbations changing expression of XAGE2 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset.
Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations cell types with high or low expression of XAGE2 gene relative to other cell types from the Tabula Sapiens Gene-Cell Associations dataset.
TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets microRNAs regulating expression of XAGE2 gene predicted using nonconserved miRNA seed sequences from the TargetScan Predicted Nonconserved microRNA Targets dataset.
TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors tissue samples with high or low expression of XAGE2 gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores tissues co-occuring with XAGE2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.
TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 tissues co-occuring with XAGE2 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.