Harmonizome 3.0

transmembrane anterior posterior transformation 1

This gene encodes a highly conserved protein that localizes to the centrosome and/or ciliary basal body. Mutations in this gene disrupt Golgi morphology and trafficking and normal primary cilium formation and these mutations are congenitally manifested by severe undermineralization of the intra-uterine skeleton. A mutation in the mouse ortholog of this gene results in homeotic, posterior-to-anterior transformations of the axial skeleton which are similar to the phenotype of mouse homeobox C8 gene mutants. In mouse, this gene is thought to function downstream of homeobox C8 to transduce extracellular patterning information during axial skeleton development. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

NUT midline carcinoma, family member 1

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

midline 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to microtubular structures in the cytoplasm. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

midline 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, also known as the 'RING-B box-coiled coil' (RBCC) subgroup of RING finger proteins. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein forms homodimers which associate with microtubules in the cytoplasm. The protein is likely involved in the formation of multiprotein structures acting as anchor points to microtubules. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the X-linked form of Opitz syndrome, which is characterized by midline abnormalities such as cleft lip, laryngeal cleft, heart defects, hypospadias, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. This gene was also the first example of a gene subject to X inactivation in human while escaping it in mouse. Alternative promoter use, alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation result in multiple transcript variants that have different tissue specificities. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

mesoderm posterior basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1

Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity and transcription cis-regulatory region binding activity. Involved in several processes, including endothelial cell differentiation; heart development; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. Implicated in myocardial infarction. Biomarker of diabetic retinopathy. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mesoderm posterior basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 2

This gene encodes a member of the bHLH family of transcription factors and plays a key role in defining the rostrocaudal patterning of somites via interactions with multiple Notch signaling pathways. This gene is expressed in the anterior presomitic mesoderm and is downregulated immediately after the formation of segmented somites. This gene also plays a role in the formation of epithelial somitic mesoderm and cardiac mesoderm. Mutations in the MESP2 gene cause autosomal recessive spondylocostal dystosis 2 (SCD02). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of spine

Cataract, posterior polar, 5

Cataract, posterior polar

skin secretory protein xP2-like

peptidase inhibitor 3, skin-derived

This gene encodes an elastase-specific inhibitor that functions as an antimicrobial peptide against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal pathogens. The protein contains a WAP-type four-disulfide core (WFDC) domain, and is thus a member of the WFDC domain family. Most WFDC gene members are localized to chromosome 20q12-q13 in two clusters: centromeric and telomeric. This gene belongs to the centromeric cluster. Expression of this gene is upgulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides and cytokines. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

skin secretory protein xP2-like

Tuberculin skin test reactivity QTL

Tuberculin skin test reactivity, absence of

skin secretory protein xP2-like

Skin/hair/eye pigmentation 8, freckling

keratolytic winter erythema (Oudtshoorn skin disease)

skin secretory protein xP2-like

cataract, anterior polar 1

cataract, anterior polar 2

ventral anterior homeobox 2

This gene encodes a homeobox protein and is almost exclusively expressed in the ventral portion of the retina during development. In mouse studies, this gene was found to be required for the correct formation of the optic fissure and other aspects of retinal development. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

ventral anterior homeobox 1

This gene encodes a homeo-domain containing protein from a class of homeobox transcription factors which are conserved in vertebrates. Genes of this family are involved in the regulation of body development and morphogenesis. The most conserved genes, called HOX genes are found in special gene clusters. This gene belongs to the VAX subfamily and lies in the vicinity of the EMX homeobox gene family. Another member of VAX family is located on chromosome 2. The encoded protein may play an important role in the development of anterior ventral forebrain and visual system. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

anterior gradient 2

This gene encodes a member of the disulfide isomerase (PDI) family of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins that catalyze protein folding and thiol-disulfide interchange reactions. The encoded protein has an N-terminal ER-signal sequence, a catalytically active thioredoxin domain, and a C-terminal ER-retention sequence. This protein plays a role in cell migration, cellular transformation and metastasis and is as a p53 inhibitor. As an ER-localized molecular chaperone, it plays a role in the folding, trafficking, and assembly of cysteine-rich transmembrane receptors and the cysteine-rich intestinal gylcoprotein mucin. This gene has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease and cancer progression. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

anterior gradient 3

This gene encodes a member of the disulfide isomerase (PDI) family of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins that catalyze protein folding and thiol-disulfide interchange reactions. The encoded protein has an N-terminal ER-signal sequence, a catalytically active thioredoxin domain, and a C-terminal ER-retention sequence. This gene is expressed in ciliated airway epithelial cells and, in mouse, plays a role in ciliary beat frequency in multiciliated cells. This gene is also over-expressed in breast, ovarian, and prostrate cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

Foveal hypoplasia and anterior segment dysgenesis

retina and anterior neural fold homeobox

This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that functions in eye development. The gene is expressed early in the eye primordia, and is required for retinal cell fate determination and also regulates stem cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been reported in patients with defects in ocular development, including microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

retina and anterior neural fold homeobox 2

This gene encodes a homeodomain-containing protein that plays a role in eye development. Mutation of this gene causes age-related macular degeneration type 6, an eye disorder resulting in accumulations of protein and lipid beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within the Bruch's membrane. Defects in this gene can also cause cone-rod dystrophy type 11, a disease characterized by the initial degeneration of cone photoreceptor cells and resulting in loss of color vision and visual acuity, followed by the degeneration of rod photoreceptor cells, which progresses to night blindness and the loss of peripheral vision. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]