Harmonizome 3.0

progressive rod-cone degeneration

This gene is predominantly expressed in the retina, and mutations in this gene are the cause of autosomal recessive retinal degeneration in both humans and dogs. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

cone-rod homeobox

The protein encoded by this gene is a photoreceptor-specific transcription factor which plays a role in the differentiation of photoreceptor cells. This homeodomain protein is necessary for the maintenance of normal cone and rod function. Mutations in this gene are associated with photoreceptor degeneration, Leber congenital amaurosis type III and the autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy 2. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cone rod dystrophy 8

cone rod dystrophy 1 (autosomal dominant)

cone rod dystrophy 4

phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP-specific, rod, beta

Photon absorption triggers a signaling cascade in rod photoreceptors that activates cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), resulting in the rapid hydrolysis of cGMP, closure of cGMP-gated cation channels, and hyperpolarization of the cell. PDE is a peripheral membrane heterotrimeric enzyme made up of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. This gene encodes the beta subunit. Mutations in this gene result in retinitis pigmentosa and autosomal dominant congenital stationary night blindness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

phosphodiesterase 6A, cGMP-specific, rod, alpha

This gene encodes the cyclic-GMP (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 6A alpha subunit, expressed in cells of the retinal rod outer segment. The phosphodiesterase 6 holoenzyme is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha, beta, and two gamma subunits. cGMP is an important regulator of rod cell membrane current, and its dynamic concentration is established by phosphodiesterase 6A cGMP hydrolysis and guanylate cyclase cGMP synthesis. The protein is a subunit of a key phototransduction enzyme and participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. Mutations in this gene have been identified as one cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphodiesterase 6G, cGMP-specific, rod, gamma

This gene encodes the gamma subunit of cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase, which is composed of alpha- and beta- catalytic subunits and two identical, inhibitory gamma subunits. This gene is expressed in rod photoreceptors and functions in the phototransduction signaling cascade. It is also expressed in a variety of other tissues, and has been shown to regulate the c-Src protein kinase and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

phosphodiesterase 6D, cGMP-specific, rod, delta

This gene encodes the delta subunit of rod-specific photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE), a key enzyme in the phototransduction cascade. A similar protein in cow functions in solubilizing membrane-bound PDE. In addition to its role in the PDE complex, the encoded protein is thought to bind to prenyl groups of proteins to target them to subcellular organelles called cilia. Mutations in this gene are associated with Joubert syndrome-22. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

cone rod dystrophy 17 (autosomal dominant)

coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1

This gene encodes a protein with five coiled-coil alpha-helical rod domains that is thought to act as a regulator of mRNA metabolism through its interaction with mRNA-decapping protein 4. It localizes to P-bodies, the site of mRNA metabolism, with an N-terminus that is required for this subcellular localization, suggesting it is a P-body component. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with psoriasis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

talin rod domain containing 1

This gene encodes a protein that is regulated by micro RNA MiR-574-3, and is thought to have an oncogenic function in human bladder cancer. A similar gene in mouse is located in a chromosomal region critical for differentiation of mesoderm, which affects embryo patterning and the formation of heart, muscle, blood, skeleton and the urogenital system. The mouse gene is expressed in early development, and in the adult. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]