Harmonizome 3.0

plasminogen activator, tissue

This gene encodes tissue-type plasminogen activator, a secreted serine protease that converts the proenzyme plasminogen to plasmin, a fibrinolytic enzyme. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed by plasmin or trypsin to generate heavy and light chains. These chains associate via disulfide linkages to form the heterodimeric enzyme. This enzyme plays a role in cell migration and tissue remodeling. Increased enzymatic activity causes hyperfibrinolysis, which manifests as excessive bleeding, while decreased activity leads to hypofibrinolysis, which can result in thrombosis or embolism. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Pseudohyperkalemia, familial, 2, due to red cell leak

Omphalocele due to duplication of 1p31.3

Hepatic fibrosis susceptibility due to Schistosoma mansoni infection

mitochondrial translational release factor 1

The protein encoded by this gene was determined by in silico methods to be a mitochondrial protein with similarity to the peptide chain release factors (RFs) discovered in bacteria and yeast. The peptide chain release factors direct the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codons. Initially thought to have a role in the termination of mitochondria protein synthesis, a recent publication found no mitochondrial translation release functionality. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been suggested by mRNA and EST data; however, their full-length natures are not clear. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 2

Enables store-operated calcium channel activity. Involved in store-operated calcium entry. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 3

Enables store-operated calcium channel activity. Involved in store-operated calcium entry. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane calcium channel subunit that is activated by the calcium sensor STIM1 when calcium stores are depleted. This type of channel is the primary way for calcium influx into T-cells. Defects in this gene are a cause of immune dysfunction with T-cell inactivation due to calcium entry defect type 1 (IDTICED1). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

mitochondrial translational release factor 1-like

The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in mitochondrial translation termination, and is thought to be a release factor that is involved in the dissociation of the complete protein from the final tRNA, the ribosome, and the cognate mRNA. This protein acts upon UAA and UAG stop codons, but has no in vitro activity against UGA, which encodes tryptophan in human mitochondrion, or, the mitochondrial non-cognate stop codons, AGA and AGG. This protein shares sequence similarity to bacterial release factors. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 4, 8, and 11. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

calcium release activated channel regulator 2B

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Involved in store-operated calcium entry. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

calcium release activated channel regulator 2A

Enables GTPase activity and calcium ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including activation of store-operated calcium channel activity; positive regulation of JNK cascade; and store-operated calcium entry. Located in several cellular components, including Golgi apparatus; Weibel-Palade body; and immunological synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mitochondrial translational release factor 1-like pseudogene

sphingolipid Ca2+ release mediating protein of endoplasmic reticulum

RAN guanine nucleotide release factor

This gene encodes a protein that has been shown to function as a guanine nucleotide release factor in mouse and to regulate the expression and function of the Nav1.5 cardiac sodium channel in human. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

mitochondrial translational release factor 1-like pseudogene 1

mitochondrial translational release factor 1-like pseudogene 2

polymerase I and transcript release factor

This gene encodes a protein that enables the dissociation of paused ternary polymerase I transcription complexes from the 3' end of pre-rRNA transcripts. This protein regulates rRNA transcription by promoting the dissociation of transcription complexes and the reinitiation of polymerase I on nascent rRNA transcripts. This protein also localizes to caveolae at the plasma membrane and is thought to play a critical role in the formation of caveolae and the stabilization of caveolins. This protein translocates from caveolae to the cytoplasm after insulin stimulation. Caveolae contain truncated forms of this protein and may be the site of phosphorylation-dependent proteolysis. This protein is also thought to modify lipid metabolism and insulin-regulated gene expression. Mutations in this gene result in a disorder characterized by generalized lipodystrophy and muscular dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

WAPL cohesin release factor

Enables ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloader activity. Involved in several processes, including mitotic sister chromatid segregation; negative regulation of DNA replication; and negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion. Located in several cellular components, including intercellular bridge; mitotic spindle; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mitochondrial translation release factor in rescue

This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial matrix protein that appears to contribute to peptide chain termination in the mitochondrial translation machinery. Two different 1 bp deletions (resulting in the same premature stop codon)result in decreased mitochondrial translation, decreased levels of oxidative phosphorylation complexes and encepthalomyopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

refsum disease, adult, with increased pipecolicacidemia

postmeiotic segregation increased 2-like protein 5

increased sodium tolerance 1 homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a protein with MIT-interacting motifs that interacts with components of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT). ESCRT functions in vesicle budding, such as that which occurs during membrane abscission in cytokinesis. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 19. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 8

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 9

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 2

Predicted to enable ATP hydrolysis activity and ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity. Predicted to be involved in mismatch repair. Predicted to be part of mismatch repair complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 3

Predicted to enable ATP hydrolysis activity and ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity. Predicted to be involved in mismatch repair and regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Predicted to be part of mismatch repair complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 4

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 5

Predicted to enable ATP hydrolysis activity and ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity. Predicted to be involved in mismatch repair. Predicted to be part of mismatch repair complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 6

Predicted to enable ATP hydrolysis activity and ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity. Predicted to be involved in mismatch repair. Predicted to be part of mismatch repair complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 7

PMS1 postmeiotic segregation increased 1 (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the DNA mismatch repair mutL/hexB family. This protein is thought to be involved in the repair of DNA mismatches, and it can form heterodimers with MLH1, a known DNA mismatch repair protein. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer type 3 (HNPCC3) either alone or in combination with mutations in other genes involved in the HNPCC phenotype, which is also known as Lynch syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PMS2 postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (S. cerevisiae)

The protein encoded by this gene is a key component of the mismatch repair system that functions to correct DNA mismatches and small insertions and deletions that can occur during DNA replication and homologous recombination. This protein forms heterodimers with the gene product of the mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) gene to form the MutL-alpha heterodimer. The MutL-alpha heterodimer possesses an endonucleolytic activity that is activated following recognition of mismatches and insertion/deletion loops by the MutS-alpha and MutS-beta heterodimers, and is necessary for removal of the mismatched DNA. There is a DQHA(X)2E(X)4E motif found at the C-terminus of the protein encoded by this gene that forms part of the active site of the nuclease. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC; also known as Lynch syndrome) and Turcot syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 12

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 1

Predicted to enable ATP hydrolysis activity; ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity; and kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in mismatch repair. Predicted to be part of mismatch repair complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene

postmeiotic segregation increased 2 pseudogene 10

aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 1

Aneurysm, familial abdominal 3

Aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 2

Aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal, 4

Epilepsy, familial temporal lobe, 6

cardiomyopathy, familial restrictive, 2

Atrial fibrillation, familial, 8

Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile, 3

gliosis, familial progressive subcortical

Beukes familial hip dysplasia

Epilepsy, familial adult myoclonic, 4

Epilepsy, familial adult myoclonic, 3

Progressive familial heart block, type II

benign familial infantile convulsions

Progressive familial heart block, type I, locus 1

epilepsy, familial temporal lobe

Hyperaldosteronism, familial, type II

familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy 2

familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy 1

Glioma, familial, 1

Syncope, familial vasovagal

Convulsions, benign familial infantile, 4

Atrial fibrillation, familial 1

familial atrial fibrillation 2

X inactivation, familial skewed, 2

Benign familial infantile convulsions-2

Epilepsy, familial mesial temporal lobe

Stuttering, familial persistent, 3

Stuttering, familial persistent 2

Stuttering, familial persistent 1

Stuttering, familial persistent, 4

cancer, familial, with in vitro radioresistance

Migraine, familial typical, susceptibility to

Migraine, familial, with or without aura, susceptibility to

Trichoepithelioma, multiple familial, 2

Febrile convulsions, familial, 9

Atrial fibrillation, familial, 5

Hypertriglyceridemia, familial

interstitial pneumonitis, desquamative, familial

Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 21

candidiasis, familial 1

antiphospholipid syndrome, familial

eosinophilia, familial

Febrile convulsions, familial, 10

noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium, familial isolated, autosomal dominant 2

Thrombocytosis, familial X-linked

myasthenia gravis, familial infantile, 1

vestibulopathy, familial

Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 2

Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 1

Natural killer cell deficiency, familial isolated