Harmonizome 3.0

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 2

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 3

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 1

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 6

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 4

glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase

The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that initiates and regulates the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), a precursor of sialic acids. It is a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. Sialic acid modification of cell surface molecules is crucial for their function in many biologic processes, including cell adhesion and signal transduction. Differential sialylation of cell surface molecules is also implicated in the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of malignant cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with sialuria, autosomal recessive inclusion body myopathy, and Nonaka myopathy. Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

dermatan sulfate epimerase

The protein encoded by this gene is a tumor-rejection antigen. It is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and functions to convert D-glucuronic acid to L-iduronic acid during the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate. This antigen possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A24-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients and may be useful for specific immunotherapy. Mutations in this gene cause inmusculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 9, and a paralogous gene exists on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

dermatan sulfate epimerase-like

Predicted to enable chondroitin-glucuronate 5-epimerase activity. Predicted to be involved in chondroitin sulfate metabolic process and dermatan sulfate metabolic process. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase

Enables D-ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity; metal ion binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in carbohydrate metabolic process and pentose-phosphate shunt. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

UDP-galactose-4-epimerase

This gene encodes UDP-galactose-4-epimerase which catalyzes two distinct but analogous reactions: the epimerization of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose, and the epimerization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine. The bifunctional nature of the enzyme has the important metabolic consequence that mutant cells (or individuals) are dependent not only on exogenous galactose, but also on exogenous N-acetylgalactosamine as a necessary precursor for the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Mutations in this gene result in epimerase-deficiency galactosemia, also referred to as galactosemia type 3, a disease characterized by liver damage, early-onset cataracts, deafness and cognitive disability, with symptoms ranging from mild ('peripheral' form) to severe ('generalized' form). Multiple alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

galactose mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase)

This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the epimerization of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose. The encoded protein is expressed in the cytoplasm and has a preference for galactose. The encoded protein may be required for normal galactose metabolism by maintaining the equilibrium of alpha and beta anomers of galactose.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase-like 1

Predicted to enable D-ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity and metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in carbohydrate metabolic process and pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch. Predicted to be active in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glucuronic acid epimerase

Enables calcium ion binding activity; heparosan-N-sulfate-glucuronate 5-epimerase activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. Predicted to be active in Golgi apparatus. Implicated in cerebrovascular disease and hypertension. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dermatan sulfate epimerase pseudogene

NAD(P)HX epimerase

The product of this gene interacts with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major apolipoprotein of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). It is secreted into some bodily fluids, and its synthesis and secretion are stimulated in vitro by incubating cells with apoA-I. The human genome contains related pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]