Harmonizome 3.0

Vpr (HIV-1) binding protein

Enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity; nuclear estrogen receptor binding activity; and ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Involved in several processes, including cell competition in a multicellular organism; proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; and regulation of primary metabolic process. Located in COP9 signalosome; fibrillar center; and nucleoplasm. Part of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Is active in centrosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

HIV-1 Tat interactive protein 2, 30kDa

Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in import into nucleus and regulation of angiogenesis. Acts upstream of or within positive regulation of programmed cell death; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; and protein autophosphorylation. Located in cytosol and nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TAR (HIV-1) RNA binding protein 2 pseudogene

TAR (HIV-1) RNA binding protein 2

HIV-1, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), contains an RNA genome that produces a chromosomally integrated DNA during the replicative cycle. Activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the transactivator Tat is dependent on an RNA regulatory element (TAR) located downstream of the transcription initiation site. The protein encoded by this gene binds between the bulge and the loop of the HIV-1 TAR RNA regulatory element and activates HIV-1 gene expression in synergy with the viral Tat protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. This gene also has a pseudogene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

TAR (HIV-1) RNA binding protein 1

HIV-1, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), contains an RNA genome that produces a chromosomally integrated DNA during the replicative cycle. Activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the transactivator Tat is dependent on an RNA regulatory element (TAR) located downstream of the transcription initiation site. This element forms a stable stem-loop structure and can be bound by either the protein encoded by this gene or by RNA polymerase II. This protein may act to disengage RNA polymerase II from TAR during transcriptional elongation. Alternatively spliced transcripts of this gene may exist, but their full-length natures have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

HIV-1 Tat specific factor 1 pseudogene 1

HIV-1 Tat specific factor 1 pseudogene 2

HIV-1 Tat specific factor 1

The protein encoded by this gene functions as a cofactor for the stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat, which binds to the HIV-1 promoter through Tat-TAR interaction. This protein may also serve as a dual-function factor to couple transcription and splicing and to facilitate their reciprocal activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

multidrug resistance-associated protein 6

X-ray radiation resistance associated 1

Involved in response to X-ray. Located in cytoplasm and nuclear body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

adriamycin resistance-associated

chromate resistance; sulfate transport

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 pseudogene 2

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 pseudogene 1

oxidation resistance 1 pseudogene

Schistosoma mansoni, susceptibility/resistance to

UV radiation resistance associated

This gene complements the ultraviolet sensitivity of xeroderma pigmentosum group C cells and encodes a protein with a C2 domain. The protein activates the Beclin1-PI(3)KC3 complex, promoting autophagy and suppressing the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human colon cancer cells. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with left-right axis malformation and mutations in this gene have been associated with colon cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a spliced long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. It was originally identified in a screen for genes responsible for the development of resistance to anti-estrogens in breast cancer cells. It is thought that release of CCL21 enables this lncRNA to bind to the SNIP1 and PNUTS transcription factors, thereby activating a non-canonical GLI-dependent hedgehog signaling pathway that promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. A similar gene in cow expresses a protein in mature oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Crk-associated substrate (CAS) family of scaffold proteins, characterized by the presence of multiple protein-protein interaction domains and many serine and tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The encoded protein contains a Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain, a proline-rich domain, a substrate domain which contains 15 repeat of the YxxP consensus phosphorylation motif for Src family kinases, a serine-rich domain, and a bipartite Src-binding domain, which can bind both SH2 and SH3 domains. This adaptor protein functions in multiple cellular pathways, including in cell motility, apoptosis and cell cycle control. Dysregulation of this gene can have a wide range of effects, affecting different pathways, including cardiac development, vascular smooth muscle cells, liver and kidney function, endothelial migration, and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3

Breast tumors are initially dependent on estrogens for growth and progression and can be inhibited by anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen. However, breast cancers progress to become anti-estrogen resistant. Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance gene 3 was identified in the search for genes involved in the development of estrogen resistance. The gene encodes a component of intracellular signal transduction that causes estrogen-independent proliferation in human breast cancer cells. The protein contains a putative src homology 2 (SH2) domain, a hall mark of cellular tyrosine kinase signaling molecules, and is partly homologous to the cell division cycle protein CDC48. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

oxidation resistance 1

Predicted to enable oxidoreductase activity. Predicted to be involved in response to oxidative stress. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including adult walking behavior; negative regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress; and negative regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation. Located in mitochondrion. Implicated in cerebellar hyplasia/atrophy, epilepsy, and global developmental delay. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]