Harmonizome 3.0

methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblA type

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the translocation of cobalamin into the mitochondrion, where it is used in the final steps of adenosylcobalamin synthesis. Adenosylcobalamin is a coenzyme required for the activity of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Defects in this gene are a cause of methylmalonic aciduria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblB type

This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the final step in the conversion of vitamin B(12) into adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), a vitamin B12-containing coenzyme for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Mutations in the gene are the cause of vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonic aciduria linked to the cblB complementation group. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011]

Split-hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency 3

Glucocorticoid deficiency 2

glucocorticoid deficiency 3

immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency susceptibility 1

methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblC type, with homocystinuria

The exact function of the protein encoded by this gene is not known, however, its C-terminal region shows similarity to TonB, a bacterial protein involved in energy transduction for cobalamin (vitamin B12) uptake. Hence, it is postulated that this protein may have a role in the binding and intracellular trafficking of cobalamin. Mutations in this gene are associated with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type cblC. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

Split-hand/foot malformation with long deficiency 2

methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblD type, with homocystinuria

This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that is involved in an early step of vitamin B12 metabolism. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential for normal development and survival in humans. Mutations in this gene cause methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type cblD (MMADHC), a disorder of cobalamin metabolism that is characterized by decreased levels of the coenzymes adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 11 and X.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

agammaglobulinemia, X-linked 2 (with growth hormone deficiency)

Radial ray deficiency

multiple coagulation factor deficiency 2 pseudogene 1

Split-hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency 1

methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblD type, with homocystinuria pseudogene

methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblD type, with homocystinuria pseudogene

candidiasis, nail 1 (with ICAM1 deficiency)

multiple coagulation factor deficiency 2

This gene encodes a soluble luminal protein with two calmodulin-like EF-hand motifs at its C-terminus. This protein forms a complex with LMAN1 (lectin mannose binding protein 1; also known as ERGIC-53) that facilitates the transport of coagulation factors V (FV) and VIII (FVIII) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus via an endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Mutations in this gene cause combined deficiency of FV and FVIII (F5F8D); a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by mild to moderate bleeding and coordinate reduction in plasma FV and FVIII levels. This protein has also been shown to maintain stem cell potential in adult central nervous system and is a marker for testicular germ cell tumors. The 3' UTR of this gene contains a transposon-like human repeat element named 'THE 1'. A processed RNA pseudogene of this gene is on chromosome 6p22.1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

Natural killer cell deficiency, familial isolated

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain) pseudogene

This gene has characteristics of a retrotransposed pseudogene derived from the PGAM1 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 pseudogene 1

phosphoglycerate kinase 2

This gene is intronless, arose via retrotransposition of the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 gene, and is expressed specifically in the testis. Initially assumed to be a pseudogene, the encoded protein is actually a functional phosphoglycerate kinase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, during the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway of glycolysis, in the later stages of spermatogenesis.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

phosphoglycerate kinase 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. The encoded protein may also act as a cofactor for polymerase alpha. Additionally, this protein is secreted by tumor cells where it participates in angiogenesis by functioning to reduce disulfide bonds in the serine protease, plasmin, which consequently leads to the release of the tumor blood vessel inhibitor angiostatin. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Deficiency of the enzyme is associated with a wide range of clinical phenotypes hemolytic anemia and neurological impairment. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 19, 21 and the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase

This gene encodes the enzyme which is involved in the early steps of L-serine synthesis in animal cells. L-serine is required for D-serine and other amino acid synthesis. The enzyme requires NAD/NADH as a cofactor and forms homotetramers for activity. Mutations in this gene have been found in a family with congenital microcephaly, psychomotor retardation and other symptoms. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, however the full-length nature of most are not known. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

phosphoglycerate mutase family member 4 pseudogene 1

phosphoglycerate mutase family member 4 pseudogene 2

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 5

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 4

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 9

phosphoglycerate mutase 3, pseudogene

phosphoglycerate kinase 1 pseudogene

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain) pseudogene

This gene has characteristics of a retrotransposed pseudogene derived from the PGAM1 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 pseudogene

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 7

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 1

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 3

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 2

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 8

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain)

The protein encoded by this gene is a mutase that catalyzes the reversible reaction of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) in the glycolytic pathway. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

phosphoglycerate mutase family member 4

This intronless gene appears to have arisen from a retrotransposition event, yet it is thought to be an expressed, protein-coding gene. The encoded protein is a member of the phosphoglycerate mutase family, a set of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5

Enables GTPase activator activity and protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity. Involved in necroptotic process. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (muscle)

Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) catalyzes the reversible reaction of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) in the glycolytic pathway. The PGAM is a dimeric enzyme containing, in different tissues, different proportions of a slow-migrating muscle (MM) isozyme, a fast-migrating brain (BB) isozyme, and a hybrid form (MB). This gene encodes muscle-specific PGAM subunit. Mutations in this gene cause muscle phosphoglycerate mutase eficiency, also known as glycogen storage disease X. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 6

phosphoglycerate kinase 1, pseudogene 1

phosphoglycerate kinase 1, pseudogene 2

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 11

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 10

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 13

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 pseudogene 12