Harmonizome 3.0

galanin-like peptide

This gene encodes a member of the galanin family of neuropeptides. The encoded protein binds galanin receptors 1, 2 and 3 with the highest affinity for galanin receptor 3 and has been implicated in biological processes involving the central nervous system including hypothalamic regulation of metabolism and reproduction. A peptide encoded by a splice variant of this gene, termed alarin, has vasoactive properties, displays antimicrobial activity against E. coli, and may serve as a marker for neuroblastic tumors.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

galanin receptor 3

The neuropeptide galanin modulates a variety of physiologic processes including cognition/memory, sensory/pain processing, hormone secretion, and feeding behavior. The human galanin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that functionally couple to their intracellular effector through distinct signaling pathways. GALR3 is found in many tissues and may be expressed as 1.4-, 2.4-, and 5-kb transcripts [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

galanin receptor 2

Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis. It is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide that potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility. The actions of galanin are mediated through interaction with specific membrane receptors that are members of the 7-transmembrane family of G protein-coupled receptors. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq), in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi. However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

galanin receptor 1

The neuropeptide galanin elicits a range of biological effects by interaction with specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Galanin receptors are seven-transmembrane proteins shown to activate a variety of intracellular second-messenger pathways. GALR1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase via a G protein of the Gi/Go family. GALR1 is widely expressed in the brain and spinal cord, as well as in peripheral sites such as the small intestine and heart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

galanin/GMAP prepropeptide

This gene encodes a neuroendocrine peptide that is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and also the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland and urogenital tract. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate two mature peptides: galanin and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP). Galanin has diverse physiological functions including nociception, feeding and energy homeostasis, osmotic regulation and water balance. GMAP has been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity and hypothesized to be part of the innate immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

SV2 related protein homolog (rat)

Predicted to enable transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in transmembrane transport and xenobiotic transport. Predicted to be located in synaptic vesicle. Predicted to be active in synaptic vesicle membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

homolog of rat pragma of Rnd2

This gene encodes an enzyme that belongs to the tyrosine protein kinase family. A similar protein in rat binds to Rho family GTPase 2 (Rnd2) and regulates neurite outgrowth via activation of Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

This gene, a Kirsten ras oncogene homolog from the mammalian ras gene family, encodes a protein that is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. A single amino acid substitution is responsible for an activating mutation. The transforming protein that results is implicated in various malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenoma, ductal carcinoma of the pancreas and colorectal carcinoma. Alternative splicing leads to variants encoding two isoforms that differ in the C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

This gene belongs to the Ras oncogene family, whose members are related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses. The products encoded by these genes function in signal transduction pathways. These proteins can bind GTP and GDP, and they have intrinsic GTPase activity. This protein undergoes a continuous cycle of de- and re-palmitoylation, which regulates its rapid exchange between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Mutations in this gene cause Costello syndrome, a disease characterized by increased growth at the prenatal stage, growth deficiency at the postnatal stage, predisposition to tumor formation, cognitive disability, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial appearance and cardiovascular abnormalities. Defects in this gene are implicated in a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog pseudogene 1 (functional)

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

mouse mammary tumor virus receptor homolog 2

seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like

Predicted to be involved in regulation of protein kinase C signaling and synapse maturation. Predicted to act upstream of or within activation of protein kinase C activity; adult locomotory behavior; and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including glutamatergic synapse; neuronal cell body; and postsynaptic membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Dexi homolog (mouse)

zinc finger protein 106 homolog (mouse) pseudogene

Twirler mouse mutation, human homolog of

T, brachyury homolog (mouse) pseudogene

body length, human homolog of mouse body length 1

immunoresponsive 1 homolog (mouse)

Enables aconitate decarboxylase activity and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in defense response; positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response; and tolerance induction to lipopolysaccharide. Predicted to be active in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Dexi homolog (mouse) pseudogene

adrenocortical dysplasia homolog (mouse)

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in telomere function. This protein is one of six core proteins in the telosome/shelterin telomeric complex, which functions to maintain telomere length and to protect telomere ends. Through its interaction with other components, this protein plays a key role in the assembly and stabilization of this complex, and it mediates the access of telomerase to the telomere. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene, which is also referred to as TPP1, is distinct from the unrelated TPP1 gene on chromosome 11, which encodes tripeptidyl-peptidase I. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like 2

This gene encodes a seizure-related protein that is localized on the cell surface. The gene is located in a region of chromosome 16p11.2 that is thought to contain candidate genes for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), though there is no evidence directly implicating this gene in ASD. Increased expression of this gene has been found in lung cancers, and the protein is therefore considered to be a novel prognostic marker for lung cancer. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

excision repair complementing defective repair in mouse cells

seizure threshold 2 homolog (mouse)

The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in the brain, predominantly in the parietal and frontal cortex as well as in dorsal root ganglia. It is localized to the peroxisome, and is implicated in resistance to oxidative stress. It likely functions by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but itself has no direct SOD activity. Studies in mice show that this gene confers low seizure threshold, and may also enhance epileptogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog (mouse)

DEF6, or IBP, is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAC (MIM 602048) and CDC42 (MIM 116952) that is highly expressed in B and T cells (Gupta et al., 2003 [PubMed 12923183]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

differentially expressed in FDCP 8 homolog (mouse)

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in lysosome localization; positive regulation of bone resorption; and positive regulation of ruffle assembly. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T, brachyury homolog (mouse) pseudogene

T, brachyury homolog (mouse)

The protein encoded by this gene is an embryonic nuclear transcription factor that binds to a specific DNA element, the palindromic T-site. It binds through a region in its N-terminus, called the T-box, and effects transcription of genes required for mesoderm formation and differentiation. The protein is localized to notochord-derived cells. Variation in this gene was associated with susceptibility to neural tube defects and chordoma. A mutation in this gene was found in a family with sacral agenesis with vertebral anomalies. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2018]

differentially expressed in FDCP 8 homolog (mouse) pseudogene

Mdm1 nuclear protein homolog (mouse)

This gene encodes a microtubule-binding nuclear protein that localizes to the centrioles of dividing cells and differentiating multiciliated cells and negatively regulates centriole duplication. The encoded protein is closely associated with the centriole barrel, and resides in the centriole lumen. Naturally-occurring mutations in the orthologous mouse gene are associated with age-related retinal degeneration. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2019]

up-regulated during skeletal muscle growth 5 homolog (mouse)

Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. Part of proton-transporting ATP synthase complex. Implicated in mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 6. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)

The protein encoded by this gene is thought to contain five cysteine-rich motifs that are similar to sushi domains, as well as two domains similar to the amino terminal half of the CUB (for complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1) domain. Mutations in this gene have been associated with febrile seizures. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

Dexi homolog (mouse) pseudogene

deleted in primary ciliary dyskinesia homolog (mouse)

This gene in mouse encodes a protein that may be involved in the generation and maintenance of ciliated cells. In mouse, expression of this gene increases during ciliated cell differentiation, and disruption of this gene has been linked to primary ciliary dyskinesia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

Moloney leukemia virus integration site 4, mouse, homolog of

CDV3 homolog (mouse)

Located in cytosol and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Jrk homolog (mouse)

This gene encodes a conserved protein that is similar to DNA-binding proteins, such as major centromere autoantigen B (CENPB). Inactivation of the related gene in mice resulted in epileptic seizures. Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) has been mapped to the same chromosomal location (8q24.3) as this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]