Harmonizome 3.0

3-hydroxyisobutyryl-Coenzyme A hydrolase pseudogene

coenzyme Q5 homolog, methyltransferase (S. cerevisiae)

Enables 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity. Involved in methylation and ubiquinone biosynthetic process. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix. Part of ubiquinone biosynthesis complex. Implicated in primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency 9. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

coenzyme Q4

This gene encodes a component of the coenzyme Q biosynthesis pathway. Coenzyme Q, an essential component of the electron transport chain, shuttles electrons between complexes I or II to complex III of the mitochondrial transport chain. This protein appears to play a structural role in stabilizing a complex that contains most of the coenzyme Q biosynthesis enzymes. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial disorders linked to coenzyme Q deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

coenzyme Q9

This locus represents a mitochondrial ubiquinone biosynthesis gene. The encoded protein is likely necessary for biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10, as mutations at this locus have been associated with autosomal-recessive neonatal-onset primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

coenzyme Q7 homolog, ubiquinone (yeast)

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to a mitochondrial di-iron containing hydroxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is involved with ubiquinone biosynthesis. Mutations in the yeast gene lead to slower development and longer life span. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

coenzyme Q6 monooxygenase

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ubiH/COQ6 family. It is an evolutionarily conserved monooxygenase required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (or ubiquinone), which is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and one of the most potent lipophilic antioxidants implicated in the protection of cell damage by reactive oxygen species. Knockdown of this gene in mouse and zebrafish results in decreased growth due to increased apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive coenzyme Q10 deficiency-6 (COQ10D6), which manifests as nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

coenzyme Q3 methyltransferase

Ubiquinone, also known as coenzyme Q, or Q, is a critical component of the electron transport pathways of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes (Jonassen and Clarke, 2000 [PubMed 10777520]). This lipid consists of a hydrophobic isoprenoid tail and a quinone head group. The tail varies in length depending on the organism, but its purpose is to anchor coenzyme Q to the membrane. The quinone head group is responsible for the activity of coenzyme Q in the respiratory chain. The S. cerevisiae COQ3 gene encodes an O-methyltransferase required for 2 steps in the biosynthetic pathway of coenzyme Q. This enzyme methylates an early coenzyme Q intermediate, 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid, as well as the final intermediate in the pathway, converting demethyl-ubiquinone to coenzyme Q. The COQ3 gene product is also capable of methylating the distinct prokaryotic early intermediate 2-hydroxy-6-polyprenyl phenol.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

coenzyme Q2 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase

This gene encodes an enzyme that functions in the final steps in the biosynthesis of CoQ (ubiquinone), a redox carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a lipid-soluble antioxidant. This enzyme, which is part of the coenzyme Q10 pathway, catalyzes the prenylation of parahydroxybenzoate with an all-trans polyprenyl group. Mutations in this gene cause coenzyme Q10 deficiency, a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, and also COQ2 nephropathy, an inherited form of mitochondriopathy with primary renal involvement. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 1 (soluble) pseudogene

acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM6, mitochondrial-like

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5, 15kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) pseudogene 3

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5, 15kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) pseudogene 2

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5, 15kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) pseudogene 7

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5, 15kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) pseudogene 5

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5, 15kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) pseudogene 4

coenzyme Q10 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)

Predicted to enable ubiquinone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cellular respiration. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

coenzyme Q10 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)

Predicted to enable ubiquinone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cellular respiration. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5, 15kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) pseudogene 1

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1, 75kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family. Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. It locates at the mitochondrial inner membrane. This protein has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It transfers electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. This protein is the largest subunit of complex I and it is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme. It may form part of the active site crevice where NADH is oxidized. Mutations in this gene are associated with complex I deficiency. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 2, 49kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)

The protein encoded by this gene is a core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). Mammalian mitochondrial complex I is composed of at least 43 different subunits, 7 of which are encoded by the mitochondrial genome, and the rest are the products of nuclear genes. The iron-sulfur protein fraction of complex I is made up of 7 subunits, including this gene product. Complex I catalyzes the NADH oxidation with concomitant ubiquinone reduction and proton ejection out of the mitochondria. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3, 30kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)

This gene encodes one of the iron-sulfur protein (IP) components of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). Mutations in this gene are associated with Leigh syndrome resulting from mitochondrial complex I deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 4, 18kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)

This gene encodes an nuclear-encoded accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (complex I, or NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase). Complex I removes electrons from NADH and passes them to the electron acceptor ubiquinone. Mutations in this gene can cause mitochondrial complex I deficiencies such as Leigh syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5, 15kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)

This gene is a member of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur protein family. The encoded protein is a subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 4 and 17. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 6, 13kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)

This gene encodes a subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), which is the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain of mitochondria. This complex functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The subunit encoded by this gene is one of seven subunits in the iron-sulfur protein fraction. Mutations in this gene cause mitochondrial complex I deficiency, a disease that causes a wide variety of clinical disorders, including neonatal disease and adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 7, 20kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)

This gene encodes a protein that is a subunit of one of the complexes that forms the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This protein is one of over 40 subunits found in complex I, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH):ubiquinone oxidoreductase. This complex functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain, and ubiquinone is believed to be the immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme. Mutations in this gene cause Leigh syndrome due to mitochondrial complex I deficiency, a severe neurological disorder that results in bilaterally symmetrical necrotic lesions in subcortical brain regions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 8, 23kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, or Complex I, a multimeric enzyme of the respiratory chain responsible for NADH oxidation, ubiquinone reduction, and the ejection of protons from mitochondria. The encoded protein is involved in the binding of two of the six to eight iron-sulfur clusters of Complex I and, as such, is required in the electron transfer process. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Leigh syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

coenzyme Q10 homolog B pseudogene 2

coenzyme Q10 homolog B pseudogene 1

coenzyme Q8B

This gene encodes a protein with two copies of a domain found in protein kinases. The encoded protein has a complete protein kinase catalytic domain, and a truncated domain that contains only the active and binding sites of the protein kinase domain, however, it is not known whether the protein has any kinase activity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

coenzyme Q8A

This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein similar to yeast ABC1, which functions in an electron-transferring membrane protein complex in the respiratory chain. It is not related to the family of ABC transporter proteins. Expression of this gene is induced by the tumor suppressor p53 and in response to DNA damage, and inhibiting its expression partially suppresses p53-induced apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found; however, their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 4, core 2

Predicted to enable acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in O-glycan processing and carbohydrate metabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including inter-male aggressive behavior; neutrophil homeostasis; and thyroid hormone metabolic process. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase family member 7

Predicted to enable acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein glycosylation. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 6

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2

This gene is a member of the beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene family. It is essential to the formation of Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc structures and the core 2 O-glycan branch. The gene coding this enzyme was originally mapped to 9q21, but was later localized to 9q13. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 3, mucin type

This gene encodes a member of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family. The encoded protein is a beta-6-N-acetylglucosamine-transferase that catalyzes the formation of core 2 and core 4 O-glycans on mucin-type glycoproteins.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, I-branching enzyme (I blood group)

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for formation of the blood group I antigen. The i and I antigens are distinguished by linear and branched poly-N-acetyllactosaminoglycans, respectively. The encoded protein is the I-branching enzyme, a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase responsible for the conversion of fetal i antigen to adult I antigen in erythrocytes during embryonic development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with adult i blood group phenotype. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. There are two ACC forms, alpha and beta, encoded by two different genes. ACC-alpha is highly enriched in lipogenic tissues. The enzyme is under long term control at the transcriptional and translational levels and under short term regulation by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of targeted serine residues and by allosteric transformation by citrate or palmitoyl-CoA. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants divergent in the 5' sequence and encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. ACC-beta is thought to control fatty acid oxidation by means of the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase I, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid uptake and oxidation by mitochondria. ACC-beta may be involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, rather than fatty acid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2022]

glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase

The product of this gene is a lysosomal enzyme found in all cells. It is involved in the catabolism of heparin, heparan sulphate, and keratan sulphate. Deficiency of this enzyme results in the accumulation of undegraded substrate and the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (Sanfilippo D syndrome). Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID is the least common of the four subtypes of Sanfilippo syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase

The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that initiates and regulates the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), a precursor of sialic acids. It is a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. Sialic acid modification of cell surface molecules is crucial for their function in many biologic processes, including cell adhesion and signal transduction. Differential sialylation of cell surface molecules is also implicated in the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of malignant cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with sialuria, autosomal recessive inclusion body myopathy, and Nonaka myopathy. Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 4

Enables acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity. Predicted to be located in Golgi cisterna membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 1

GM2 and GD2 gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. GalNAc-T is the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of G(M2) and G(D2) glycosphingolipids. GalNAc-T catalyzes the transfer of GalNAc into G(M3) and G(D3) by a beta-1,4 linkage, resulting in the synthesis of G(M2) and G(D2), respectively. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013]

beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2

B4GALNT2 catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the human Sd(a) antigen through the addition of an N-acetylgalactosamine residue via a beta-1,4 linkage to a subterminal galactose residue substituted with an alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid. B4GALNT2 also catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the Cad antigen (Montiel et al., 2003 [PubMed 12678917]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 3

B4GALNT3 transfers N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) onto glucosyl residues to form N,N-prime-diacetyllactosediamine (LacdiNAc, or LDN), a unique terminal structure of cell surface N-glycans (Ikehara et al., 2006 [PubMed 16728562]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008]

galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase

This gene encodes N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase which is a lysosomal exohydrolase required for the degradation of the glycosaminoglycans, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Sequence alterations including point, missense and nonsense mutations, as well as those that affect splicing, result in a deficiency of this enzyme. Deficiencies of this enzyme lead to Morquio A syndrome, a lysosomal storage disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4 pseudogene 1

acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 pseudogene

spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase-like 1

Predicted to enable diamine N-acetyltransferase activity and spermidine binding activity. Predicted to be involved in spermidine acetylation. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2

The encoded protein catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation spiral. Unlike most mitochondrial matrix proteins, it contains a non-cleavable amino-terminal targeting signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1

This gene encodes an enzyme operative in the beta-oxidation system of the peroxisomes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to pseudo-Zellweger syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mannosyl (alpha-1,6-)-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase, isozyme B

Enables alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity and manganese ion binding activity. Involved in protein O-linked glycosylation via serine. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. Predicted to be active in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mannosyl (alpha-1,6-)-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glycosyltransferase family. It catalyzes the addition of beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine to the alpha-linked mannose of biantennary N-linked oligosaccharides present on the newly synthesized glycoproteins. It is one of the most important enzymes involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of glycoprotein oligosaccharides. Alterations of the oligosaccharides on cell surface glycoproteins cause significant changes in the adhesive or migratory behavior of a cell. Increase in the activity of this enzyme has been correlated with the progression of invasive malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 3

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6

This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 29 protein family. Members of this protein family synthesize sialylglycoconjugates. Sialylation may contribute to multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that may be present in the Golgi apparatus. The encoded protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, may be involved in the synthesis of gangliosides GD1c, GT1a, GQ1b, and GT3 from GD1a, GT1b, GM1b, and GD3, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 4

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the polycondensation of alpha-2,8-linked sialic acid required for the synthesis of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). The encoded protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, is a type II membrane protein that may be present in the Golgi apparatus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that is thought to catalyze the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to N-linked oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. The encoded protein may be found in the Golgi apparatus and may be involved in the production of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1

Gangliosides are membrane-bound glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid. Ganglioside GD3 is known to be important for cell adhesion and growth of cultured malignant cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to GM3 to produce gangliosides GD3 and GT3. The encoded protein may be found in the Golgi apparatus and is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1

This gene encodes a mitochondrially localized enzyme that catalyzes the reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA. Defects in this gene are associated with 3-ketothiolase deficiency, an inborn error of isoleucine catabolism characterized by urinary excretion of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-methylacetoacetic acid, tiglylglycine, and butanone. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2

The product of this gene is an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, and it encodes cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. This gene shows complementary overlapping with the 3-prime region of the TCP1 gene in both mouse and human. These genes are encoded on opposite strands of DNA, as well as in opposite transcriptional orientation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 pseudogene 1

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 4

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 5

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 2

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 1

solute carrier family 33 (acetyl-CoA transporter), member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is required for the formation of O-acetylated (Ac) gangliosides. The encoded protein is predicted to contain 6 to 10 transmembrane domains, and a leucine zipper motif in transmembrane domain III. Defects in this gene have been reported to cause spastic paraplegia autosomal dominant type 42 (SPG42) in one Chinese family, but not in similar patients of European descent. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 3

Enables alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including ganglioside biosynthetic process; glycoprotein metabolic process; and sialylation. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chitobiase, di-N-acetyl-

Chitobiase is a lysosomal glycosidase involved in degradation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on glycoproteins (Aronson and Kuranda, 1989 [PubMed 2531691]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6

ST6GALNAC6 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that modify proteins and ceramides on the cell surface to alter cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions (Tsuchida et al., 2003 [PubMed 12668675]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, I-branching enzyme (I blood group) pseudogene

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a Golgi type II transmembrane glycosyltransferase. The encoded protein catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid to cell surface proteins to modulate cell-cell interactions. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein prefers glycoproteins rather than glycolipids as substrates and shows restricted substrate specificity, utilizing only the trisaccharide sequence Neu5Ac-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc. In addition, it is involved in the synthesis of ganglioside GD1A from GM1B. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi apparatus but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Readthrough transcripts exist for this gene and the downstream ST6GALNAC6 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2022]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3

ST6GALNAC3 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that transfer sialic acids from CMP-sialic acid to terminal positions of carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins and glycolipids (Lee et al., 1999 [PubMed 10207017]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2

ST6GALNAC2 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that add sialic acids to the nonreducing ends of glycoconjugates. At the cell surface, these modifications have roles in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, bacterial adhesion, and protein targeting (Samyn-Petit et al., 2000 [PubMed 10742600]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1

Glycosylation of proteins affects cell-cell interaction, interactions with the matrix, and the functions of intracellular molecules. ST6GALNAC1 transfers a sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), in an alpha-2,6 linkage to O-linked GalNAc residues. The cancer-associated sialyl-Tn (sTn) antigen is formed by ST6GALNAC1-catalyzed sialylation of GalNAc residues on mucins (Ikehara et al., 1999 [PubMed 10536037]; Sewell et al., 2006 [PubMed 16319059]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]