Harmonizome 3.0

major urinary protein, pseudogene

Urinary albumin excretion QTL 1

Urinary albumin excretion QTL 2

kallikrein-related peptidase 2

This gene encodes a member of the grandular kallikrein protein family. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases that are clustered on chromosome 19. Members of this family are involved in a diverse array of biological functions. The protein encoded by this gene is a highly active trypsin-like serine protease that selectively cleaves at arginine residues. This protein is primarily expressed in prostatic tissue and is responsible for cleaving pro-prostate-specific antigen into its enzymatically active form. This gene is highly expressed in prostate tumor cells and may be a prognostic maker for prostate cancer risk. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

kallikrein-related peptidase 3

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. The gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. It encodes a single-chain glycoprotein, a protease which is synthesized in the epithelial cells of the prostate gland, and is present in seminal plasma. It is thought to function normally in the liquefaction of seminal coagulum, presumably by hydrolysis of the high molecular mass seminal vesicle protein. The serum level of this protein, called PSA in the clinical setting, is useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma. Alternate splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2019]

kallikrein-related peptidase 4

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In some tissues its expression is hormonally regulated. The expression pattern of a similar mouse protein in murine developing teeth supports a role for the protein in the degradation of enamel proteins. Several transcript variants encoding different proteins have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

kallikrein-related peptidase 5

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its expression is up-regulated by estrogens and progestins. The encoded protein is secreted and may be involved in desquamation in the epidermis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

kallikrein-related peptidase 6

This gene encodes a member of the kallikrein subfamily of the peptidase S1 family of serine proteases. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease. Expression of this protease is regulated by steroid hormones and may be elevated in multiple human cancers and in serum from psoriasis patients. The encoded protease may participate in the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and alpha-synuclein, thus implicating this protease in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, respectively. This gene is located in a gene cluster on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

kallikrein-related peptidase 7

This gene encodes a member of the kallikrein subfamily of serine proteases. These enzymes have diverse physiological functions and many kallikrein genes are biomarkers for cancer. The encoded protein has chymotrypsin-like activity and plays a role in the proteolysis of intercellular cohesive structures that precedes desquamation, the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis. The encoded protein may play a role in cancer invasion and metastasis, and increased expression of this gene is associated with unfavorable prognosis and progression of several types of cancer. Polymorphisms in this gene may play a role in the development of atopic dermatitis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, which is one of fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a gene cluster on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

kallikrein-related peptidase 8

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in tandem in a gene cluster on chromosome 19. The encoded protein may be involved in proteolytic cascade in the skin and may serve as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

kallikrein-related peptidase 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a kallikrein-related serine protease. This gene is activated by steroid hormones in a human breast cancer cell line, making it a good marker for cancer detection. The encoded protein is found primarily in the cytoplasm.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

kallikrein-related peptidase 12

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Alternate splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

kallikrein-related peptidase 13

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Expression of this gene is regulated by steroid hormones and may be useful as a marker for breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

kallikrein-related peptidase 10

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its encoded protein is secreted and may play a role in suppression of tumorigenesis in breast and prostate cancers. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

kallikrein-related peptidase 11

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Alternate splicing and the use of alternate promoters results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms which are differentially expressed. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

kallikrein-related peptidase 14

This gene encodes a member of the kallikrein subfamily of serine proteases that have diverse physiological functions such as regulation of blood pressure and desquamation. The altered expression of this gene is implicated in the progression of different cancers including breast and prostate tumors. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate the functional enzyme. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

kallikrein-related peptidase 15

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In prostate cancer, this gene has increased expression, which indicates its possible use as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for prostate cancer. The gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

kallikrein pseudogene 1

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kallikrein B, plasma (Fletcher factor) 1

This gene encodes a glycoprotein that participates in the surface-dependent activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin generation and inflammation. The encoded preproprotein present in plasma as a non-covalent complex with high molecular weight kininogen undergoes proteolytic processing mediated by activated coagulation factor XII to generate a disulfide-linked, heterodimeric serine protease comprised of heavy and light chains. Certain mutations in this gene cause prekallikrein deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

kallikrein 1

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. This protein is functionally conserved in its capacity to release the vasoactive peptide, Lys-bradykinin, from low molecular weight kininogen. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

FGF-2 activity-associated protein 2

FGF-2 activity-associated protein 3

gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1 pseudogene

This pseudogene is similar to the human gene encoding gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1, an enzyme which hydrolyzes the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione and converts leukotriene C4 to leukotriene D4. This pseudogene lies in the immunoglobulin lambda gene cluster on chromosome 22q11.21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)

Enables ATP binding activity and RNA helicase activity. Involved in DNA damage response; RNA catabolic process; and maturation of 5.8S rRNA. Located in nuclear exosome (RNase complex) and nucleoplasm. Part of TRAMP complex and catalytic step 2 spliceosome. Biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox

Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a neuroprotective factor that has a stimulatory effect on the growth of some tumor cells and an inhibitory effect on others. This gene encodes a protein that is upregulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide and may be involved in its stimulatory effect on certain tumor cells. The encoded protein contains one homeobox and nine zinc finger domains, suggesting that it functions as a transcription factor. This gene is also upregulated in normal proliferative tissues. Finally, the encoded protein may increase the viability of certain cell types through modulation of p53 activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

melanoma inhibitory activity family, member 3

Enables cargo receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including COPII-coated vesicle cargo loading; cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis; and regulation of leukocyte migration. Located in endoplasmic reticulum exit site and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2 pseudogene 2

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2 pseudogene 1

receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. RAMPs are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of this (RAMP1) protein, CRLR functions as a CGRP receptor. The RAMP1 protein is involved in the terminal glycosylation, maturation, and presentation of the CGRP receptor to the cell surface. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. RAMPs are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of this (RAMP3) protein, CRLR functions as an adrenomedullin receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. RAMPs are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of this (RAMP2) protein, CRLR functions as an adrenomedullin receptor. The RAMP2 protein is involved in core glycosylation and transportation of adrenomedullin receptor to the cell surface. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like (S. cerevisiae)

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is a human homologue of yeast SKI2 and may be involved in antiviral activity by blocking translation of poly(A) deficient mRNAs. This gene is located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide, olfactory type

This gene encodes a stimulatory G protein alpha subunit which mediates odorant signaling in the olfactory epithelium. This protein couples dopamine type 1 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors and is widely expressed in the central nervous system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dystonia 25 and this gene is located in a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]

caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1

Involved in negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide O

The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit of the Go heterotrimeric G-protein signal-transducing complex. Defects in this gene are a cause of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 1

Transducin is a 3-subunit guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) which stimulates the coupling of rhodopsin and cGMP-phoshodiesterase during visual impulses. The transducin alpha subunits in rods and cones are encoded by separate genes. This gene encodes the alpha subunit in rods. This gene is also expressed in other cells, and has been implicated in bitter taste transduction in rat taste cells. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant congenital stationary night blindness. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 2

Transducin is a 3-subunit guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) which stimulates the coupling of rhodopsin and cGMP-phoshodiesterase during visual impulses. The transducin alpha subunits in rods and cones are encoded by separate genes. This gene encodes the alpha subunit in cones. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

melanoma inhibitory activity 2

This gene encodes s receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, which plays a role in the export of large pre-chylomicrons and pre-very low density lipoproteins (pre-VLDLs). Three major classes of transcripts are generated from this gene- melanoma inhibitory activity 2-specific transcripts, cTAGE family member 5-specific transcripts and transcripts that include exons from both these transcript species (TANGO1-like or TALI). Additionally, alternative splicing in these transcripts results in multiple transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha)

This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. Aberrant expression of this protein is associated with the growth and progression of certain tumors. A naturally occurring processed form of this protein has increased chemotactic activity. Alternate splicing results in coding and non-coding variants of this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2

The protein encoded by this gene is an alpha subunit of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins). The encoded protein contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and is involved in the hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 3

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling pathways. G proteins are composed of 3 units: alpha, beta and gamma. This gene encodes an alpha subunit and belongs to the G-alpha family. Mutation in this gene, resulting in a gly40-to-arg substitution, is associated with auriculocondylar syndrome, and shown to affect downstream targets in the G protein-coupled endothelin receptor pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 1

Guanine nucleotide binding proteins are heterotrimeric signal-transducing molecules consisting of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The alpha subunit binds guanine nucleotide, can hydrolyze GTP, and can interact with other proteins. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit of an inhibitory complex. The encoded protein is part of a complex that responds to beta-adrenergic signals by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

melanoma inhibitory activity

Predicted to enable growth factor activity. Predicted to be involved in extracellular matrix organization. Predicted to act upstream of or within cell-matrix adhesion. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein

Enables mRNA binding activity and structural molecule activity. Involved in cell migration; cytoskeleton organization; and regulation of cell morphogenesis. Located in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Part of virus-like capsid. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2

Phototransduction in rod and cone photoreceptors is regulated by groups of signaling proteins. The encoded protein is thought to play a crucial role in cone phototransduction. It belongs to the G protein gamma family and localized specifically in cones. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 1

This gene encodes the gamma subunit of transducin, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) that is found in rod outer segments. Transducin, also known as GMPase, mediates the activation of a cyclic GTP-specific (guanosine monophosphate) phosphodiesterase by rhodopsin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]