Harmonizome 3.0

metallothionein 1 pseudogene 1

metallothionein 1 pseudogene 3

metallothionein 2 pseudogene 1

metallothionein-like 3, pseudogene

metallothionein 2A

This gene is a member of the metallothionein family of genes. Proteins encoded by this gene family are low in molecular weight, are cysteine-rich, lack aromatic residues, and bind divalent heavy metal ions, altering the intracellular concentration of heavy metals in the cell. These proteins act as anti-oxidants, protect against hydroxyl free radicals, are important in homeostatic control of metal in the cell, and play a role in detoxification of heavy metals. The encoded protein interacts with the protein encoded by the homeobox containing 1 gene in some cell types, controlling intracellular zinc levels, affecting apoptotic and autophagy pathways. Some polymorphisms in this gene are associated with an increased risk of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

metallothionein 1X

Predicted to enable copper ion binding activity and zinc ion binding activity. Involved in cellular response to cadmium ion; cellular response to erythropoietin; and cellular response to zinc ion. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

metallothionein 1L (gene/pseudogene)

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Involved in cellular response to zinc ion. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

metallothionein 1M

This gene encodes a member of the metallothionein superfamily, type 1 family. Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals. These genes are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

metallothionein 1H

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Involved in cellular response to cadmium ion and cellular response to zinc ion. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

metallothionein 1E

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Involved in cellular response to cadmium ion and cellular response to zinc ion. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

metallothionein 1F

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Involved in cellular response to cadmium ion and cellular response to zinc ion. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

metallothionein 1G

Enables zinc ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to cadmium ion; cellular response to copper ion; and cellular response to zinc ion. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

metallothionein 1A

This gene is a member of the metallothionein family of genes. Proteins encoded by this gene family are low in molecular weight, are cysteine-rich, lack aromatic residues, and bind divalent heavy metal ions. The conserved cysteine residues co-ordinate metal ions using mercaptide linkages. These proteins act as anti-oxidants, protect against hydroxyl free radicals, are important in homeostatic control of metal in the cell, and play a role in detoxification of heavy metals. Disruption of two metallothionein genes in mouse resulted in defects in protection against heavy metals, oxidative stress, immune reactions, carcinogens, and displayed obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

metallothionein 1B

The protein encoded by this gene binds heavy metals and protects against toxicity from heavy metal ions. This gene is found in a cluster of similar genes on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

metallothionein 1H-like 1

This gene is a retrotransposed gene, compared to MT1H (GeneID:4496). This retrogene is transcribed. It retains a full-length CDS, and is assumed to be translated. Compared to the MT1H product, this protein product differs at three internal amino acids, two of which are at metal-binding sites. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

metallothionein 1X pseudogene 1

metallothionein-like 5, testis-specific (tesmin)

Metallothionein proteins are highly conserved low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich proteins that are induced by and bind to heavy metal ions and have no enzymatic activity. They may play a central role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation and are involved in spermatogenesis. This gene encodes a metallothionein-like protein which has been shown to be expressed differentially in mouse testis and ovary. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

metallothionein 1I, pseudogene

metallothionein 1D, pseudogene (functional)

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including cellular response to zinc ion; detoxification of copper ion; and intracellular zinc ion homeostasis. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

metallothionein-1E pseudogene

metallothionein 1J, pseudogene

metallothionein 1C, pseudogene

metallothionein 3

This gene is a member of the metallothionein family of genes. Proteins encoded by this gene family are low in molecular weight, are cysteine-rich, lack aromatic residues, and bind divalent heavy metal ions. This gene family member displays tissue-specific expression, and contains a threonine insert near its N-terminus and a glutamate-rich hexapeptide insert near its C-terminus relative to the proteins encoded by other gene family members. It plays an important role in zinc and copper homeostasis, and is induced under hypoxic conditions. The encoded protein is a growth inhibitory factor, and reduced levels of the protein are observed in the brains of individuals with some metal-linked neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

metallothionein 4

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including cellular response to zinc ion; detoxification of copper ion; and intracellular zinc ion homeostasis. Predicted to act upstream of or within intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testis expressed metallothionein like protein

Metallothionein proteins are highly conserved low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich proteins that are induced by and bind to heavy metal ions and have no enzymatic activity. They may play a central role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation and are involved in spermatogenesis. This gene encodes a metallothionein-like protein which has been shown to be expressed differentially in mouse testis and ovary. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]