Harmonizome 3.0

post-GPI attachment to proteins 2 pseudogene

post-GPI attachment to proteins 1

The protein encoded by this gene functions early in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing the inositol deacylation of GPI. The encoded protein is required for the production of GPI that can attach to proteins, and this may be an important factor in the transport of GPI-anchored proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. Defects in this gene are a cause an autosomal recessive form of cognitive impairment. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

post-GPI attachment to proteins 3

This gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-specific phospholipase that primarily localizes to the Golgi apparatus. This ubiquitously expressed gene is predicted to encode a seven-transmembrane protein that removes unsaturated fatty acids from the sn-2 position of GPI. The remodeling of the constituent fatty acids on GPI is thought to be important for the proper association between GPI-anchored proteins and lipid rafts. The tethering of proteins to plasma membranes via posttranslational GPI-anchoring is thought to play a role in protein sorting and trafficking. Mutations in this gene cause an autosomal recessive form of neurologic hyperphosphatasia with cognitive disability (HPMRS4). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

post-GPI attachment to proteins 2

The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in the maturation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors on GPI-anchored proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by hyperphosphatasia and intellectual disability. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

negative regulator of ubiquitin-like proteins 1

This gene encodes a protein that functions as a negative regulator of NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like protein that conjugates with cullin family members in order to regulate vital biological events. The protein encoded by this gene regulates the NEDD8 conjugation system post-transcriptionally by recruiting NEDD8 and its conjugates to the proteasome for degradation. This protein interacts with the product of the AIPL1 gene, which is associated with Leber congenital amaurosis, an inherited retinopathy, and mutations in that gene can abolish interaction with this protein, which may contribute to the pathogenesis. This protein is also known to accumulate in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and in glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy, with this abnormal accumulation being specific to alpha-synucleinopathy lesions. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

guided entry of tail-anchored proteins factor 3, ATPase

This gene represents the human homolog of the bacterial arsA gene, encoding the arsenite-stimulated ATPase component of the arsenite transporter responsible for resistance to arsenicals. This protein is also a central component of a transmembrane domain (TMD) recognition complex (TRC) that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It recognizes and selectively binds the TMD of TA proteins in the cytosol, and delivers them to the ER for insertion. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

guided entry of tail-anchored proteins factor 1

This gene is located in the candidate region for congenital heart disease (CHD) in Down syndrome (DS). It encodes a basic protein that functions as a receptor that promotes insertion of tail-anchored proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This gene is located at a maternally-methylated differentially methylated region (DMR); however, its transcription may be biallelic, not imprinted. Alternative splicing results in different transcript variants. A pseudogene has been defined on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

post-GPI attachment to proteins GalNAc transferase 4

Enables glycosyltransferase activity. Involved in GPI anchor biosynthetic process. Located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

post-GPI attachment to proteins 6

Predicted to enable calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity. Predicted to be involved in lipid metabolic process. Located in extracellular exosome and lysosomal membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 14

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NALP protein family. Members of the NALP protein family typically contain a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region, and an N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD). This protein may play a regulatory role in the innate immune system as similar family members belong to the signal-induced multiprotein complex, the inflammasome, that activates the pro-inflammatory caspases, caspase-1 and caspase-5. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NLR family, CARD domain containing 4

This gene encodes a member of the caspase recruitment domain-containing NLR family. Family members play essential roles in innate immune response to a wide range of pathogenic organisms, tissue damage and other cellular stresses. Mutations in this gene result in autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

NLR family, CARD domain containing 5

This gene encodes a member of the caspase recruitment domain-containing NLR family. This gene plays a role in cytokine response and antiviral immunity through its inhibition of NF-kappa-B activation and negative regulation of type I interferon signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

NLR family, CARD domain containing 3

This gene encodes a NOD-like receptor family member. The encoded protein is a cytosolic regulator of innate immunity. This protein directly interacts with stimulator of interferon genes (STING), to prevent its proper trafficking, resulting in disruption of STING-dependent activation of the innate immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 2 pseudogene

Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; and negative regulation of signal transduction. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 5

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NALP protein family. Members of the NALP protein family typically contain a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region, and an N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD). Expression of this gene is restricted to the oocyte. A mouse gene that encodes a maternal oocyte protein, similar to this encoded protein, is required for normal early embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) family, and is predicted to contain an N-terminal pyrin effector domain (PYD), a centrally-located nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NACHT) and C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRR). This gene product has a demonstrated role as a negative regulator of autophagy and type I interferon signaling pathways as a result of protein interactions with its NACHT domain. The PYD domain has also been shown to be important in the inhibition of NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 7

This gene encodes a member of the NACHT, leucine rich repeat, and PYD containing (NLRP) protein family. It has an N-terminal pyrin domain, followed by a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. NLRP proteins are implicated in the activation of proinflammatory caspases through multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes. This gene may act as a feedback regulator of caspase-1-dependent interleukin 1-beta secretion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 6

The protein encoded by this gene binds arginine-vasopressin and may be involved in the arginine-vasopressin-mediated regulation of renal salt-water balance. The encoded protein also mediates inflammatory responses in the colon to allow recovery from intestinal epithelial damage and protects against tumorigenesis and the development of colitis. Finally, this protein can increase activation of NF-kappa-B, activation of CASP1 through interaction with ASC, and cAMP accumulation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1

This gene encodes a member of the Ced-4 family of apoptosis proteins. Ced-family members contain a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and are known to be key mediators of programmed cell death. The encoded protein contains a distinct N-terminal pyrin-like motif, which is possibly involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein interacts strongly with caspase 2 and weakly with caspase 9. Overexpression of this gene was demonstrated to induce apoptosis in cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3

This gene encodes a pyrin-like protein containing a pyrin domain, a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain, and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif. This protein interacts with the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein PYCARD/ASC, which contains a caspase recruitment domain, and is a member of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. This complex functions as an upstream activator of NF-kappaB signaling, and it plays a role in the regulation of inflammation, the immune response, and apoptosis. The SARS-CoV 3a protein, a transmembrane pore-forming viroporin, has been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome via the formation of ion channels in macrophages. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome, neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), keratoendotheliitis fugax hereditarian, and deafness, autosomal dominant 34, with or without inflammation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Alternative 5' UTR structures are suggested by available data; however, insufficient evidence is available to determine if all of the represented 5' UTR splice patterns are biologically valid. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 2

This gene is a member of the nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) family, and is predicted to contain an N-terminal pyrin effector domain (PYD), a centrally-located nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NACHT) and C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRR). Members of this gene family are thought to be important regulators of immune responses. This gene product interacts with components of the IkB kinase (IKK) complex, and can regulate both caspase-1 and NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activity. The pyrin domain is necessary and sufficient for suppression of NF-kB activity. An allelic variant (rs147585490) has been found that is incapable of blocking the transcriptional activity of NF-kB. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 9

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NALP protein family. Members of the NALP protein family typically contain a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region, and an N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD). This protein may play a regulatory role in the innate immune system as similar family members belong to the signal-induced multiprotein complex, the inflammasome, that activates the pro-inflammatory caspases, caspase-1 and caspase-5. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 8

This gene encodes a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain/ leucine rich repeat/ pyrin domain containing (NLRP) subfamily, which belongs to the Nod-like receptor family of proteins. NLRP genes play roles in the mammalian innate immune system through inflammasome formation and activation of caspases. In addition, NLRP genes have been found to function during mammalian reproduction. Consistent with a function during human preimplantation development, this gene is expressed at high levels in oocytes with decreased levels in embryos. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 11

This gene is a member of the the NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP) gene family and encodes a protein with an N-terminal pyrin death (PYD) domain and nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NACHT) domain and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRR) region. This gene has been shown to regulate caspases in the proinflammatory signal transduction pathway and, based on studies of other members of the NLRP gene family with similar domain structure, is predicted to form part of the multiprotein inflammasome complex. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants encoding distince isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 13

This gene encodes a member of the NACHT, leucine rich repeat, and PYD containing (NLRP) protein family. It has an N-terminal pyrin domain, followed by a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. NLRP proteins are implicated in the activation of proinflammatory caspases through multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 12

This gene encodes a member of the CATERPILLER family of cytoplasmic proteins. The encoded protein, which contains an N-terminal pyrin domain, a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain, and a C-terminus leucine-rich repeat region, functions as an attenuating factor of inflammation by suppressing inflammatory responses in activated monocytes. Mutations in this gene cause familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome type 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

NLR family member X1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NLR family and localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein is a regulator of mitochondrial antivirus responses. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 9 pseudogene

NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein pseudogene

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 10

Members of the NALP protein family typically contain a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region, and an N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NALP protein family despite lacking the LRR region. This protein likely plays a regulatory role in the innate immune system. The protein belongs to the signal-induced multiprotein complex, the inflammasome, that activates the pro-inflammatory caspases, caspase-1 and caspase-5. Other experiments indicate that this gene acts as a multifunctional negative regulator of inflammation and apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein pseudogene

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 pseudogene

NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein pseudogene

NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein

This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13. This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions. The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region. This copy of the gene is full length; additional copies with truncations and internal deletions are also present in this region of chromosome 5q13. It is thought that this gene is a modifier of spinal muscular atrophy caused by mutations in a neighboring gene, SMN1. The protein encoded by this gene contains regions of homology to two baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and it is able to suppress apoptosis induced by various signals. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

NLR family, pyrin domain containing 7 pseudogene

NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein pseudogene

NLR family pyrin domain containing 2B

Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; and negative regulation of signal transduction. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]