Harmonizome 3.0

serum response factor (c-fos serum response element-binding transcription factor)

This gene encodes a ubiquitous nuclear protein that stimulates both cell proliferation and differentiation. It is a member of the MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, and SRF) box superfamily of transcription factors. This protein binds to the serum response element (SRE) in the promoter region of target genes. This protein regulates the activity of many immediate-early genes, for example c-fos, and thereby participates in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell growth, and cell differentiation. This gene is the downstream target of many pathways; for example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) that acts through the ternary complex factors (TCFs). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

small regulatory polypeptide of amino acid response

Involved in cellular response to amino acid stimulus and negative regulation of TORC1 signaling. Located in late endosome membrane and lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Immune response to synthetic polypeptide--IRGAT

early growth response 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor with three tandem C2H2-type zinc fingers. Defects in this gene are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1D (CMT1D), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4E (CMT4E), and with Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS). Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

early growth response 3

This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that belongs to the EGR family of C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins. It is an immediate-early growth response gene which is induced by mitogenic stimulation. The protein encoded by this gene participates in the transcriptional regulation of genes in controling biological rhythm. It may also play a role in a wide variety of processes including muscle development, lymphocyte development, endothelial cell growth and migration, and neuronal development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

early growth response 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the EGR family of C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins. It is a nuclear protein and functions as a transcriptional regulator. The products of target genes it activates are required for differentitation and mitogenesis. Studies suggest this is a cancer suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

early growth response 4

Enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immediate early response 3 interacting protein 1

This gene encodes a small protein that is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and may play a role in the ER stress response by mediating cell differentiation and apoptosis. Transcription of this gene is regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha and specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Mutations in this gene may play a role in microcephaly, epilepsy, and diabetes syndrome (MEDS), and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

S-phase response (cyclin related)

serum deprivation response

This gene encodes a calcium-independent phospholipid-binding protein whose expression increases in serum-starved cells. This protein is a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation and recruits polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) to caveolae. Removal of this protein causes caveolae loss and its over-expression results in caveolae deformation and membrane tubulation.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

immediate early response 5-like

Acute insulin response (2)

myeloid differentiation primary response 88

This gene encodes a cytosolic adapter protein that plays a central role in the innate and adaptive immune response. This protein functions as an essential signal transducer in the interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. These pathways regulate that activation of numerous proinflammatory genes. The encoded protein consists of an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll-interleukin1 receptor domain. Patients with defects in this gene have an increased susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

negative regulator of interferon response (non-protein coding)

This gene is thought to produce a functional long non-coding RNA. This transcript may be a negative regulator of interferon response. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

collapsin response mediator protein 1

This gene encodes a member of a family of cytosolic phosphoproteins expressed exclusively in the nervous system. The encoded protein is thought to be a part of the semaphorin signal transduction pathway implicated in semaphorin-induced growth cone collapse during neural development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

negative regulator of antiviral response (non-protein coding)

immune response to synthetic polypeptides 1

immune response to synthetic polypeptides 2

immediate early response 5

This gene encodes a protein that is similar to other immediate early response proteins. In the mouse, a similar gene may play an important role in mediating the cellular response to mitogenic signals. Studies in rats found the expression of a similar gene to be increased after waking and sleep deprivation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

immediate early response 2

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Involved in cell motility and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Implicated in colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomarker of childhood acute myeloid leukemia; colorectal adenocarcinoma; hepatocellular carcinoma; and melanoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immediate early response 3

This gene functions in the protection of cells from Fas- or tumor necrosis factor type alpha-induced apoptosis. Partially degraded and unspliced transcripts are found after virus infection in vitro, but these transcripts are not found in vivo and do not generate a valid protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

serum response factor binding protein 1

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA. Predicted to be located in perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Predicted to be part of 90S preribosome. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mesoderm induction early response 1, family member 3

Predicted to enable histone deacetylase binding activity and transcription corepressor activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of protein-containing complex. Implicated in breast cancer and lung adenocarcinoma. Biomarker of breast cancer; invasive ductal carcinoma; and lung non-small cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Beta-adrenergic stimulation, response to

Photoparoxysmal response 2

photoparoxysmal response 3

Photoparoxysmal response 1

mesoderm induction early response 1, transcriptional regulator

This gene encodes a protein that was first identified in Xenopus laevis by its role in a mesoderm induction early response (MIER). The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional regulator. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encode multiple isoforms, some of which lack a C-terminal nuclear localization signal. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

mesoderm induction early response 1, family member 2

Enables histone deacetylase binding activity. Contributes to histone deacetylase activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immediate early response 3 interacting protein 1 pseudogene

myocilin, trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response

MYOC encodes the protein myocilin, which is believed to have a role in cytoskeletal function. MYOC is expressed in many occular tissues, including the trabecular meshwork, and was revealed to be the trabecular meshwork glucocorticoid-inducible response protein (TIGR). The trabecular meshwork is a specialized eye tissue essential in regulating intraocular pressure, and mutations in MYOC have been identified as the cause of hereditary juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

metal response element binding transcription factor 2

Enables methylated histone binding activity and transcription corepressor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; segment specification; and stem cell population maintenance. Predicted to act upstream of or within cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor. Located in cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated through phosphorylation in response to various cytokines and growth factors including IFNs, EGF, IL5, IL6, HGF, LIF and BMP2. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. The small GTPase Rac1 has been shown to bind and regulate the activity of this protein. PIAS3 protein is a specific inhibitor of this protein. This gene also plays a role in regulating host response to viral and bacterial infections. Mutations in this gene are associated with infantile-onset multisystem autoimmune disease and hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1

This gene encodes a five transmembrane protein that functions as a major regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The encoded protein is a pattern recognition receptor that detects cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate type I interferon responses. The encoded protein has also been shown to play a role in apoptotic signaling by associating with type II major histocompatibility complex. Mutations in this gene are the cause of infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

transcriptional and immune response regulator

This gene encodes a small, monomeric, predominantly unstructured protein that functions as a positive regulator of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. This protein interacts with a repressor of beta-catenin mediated transcription at nuclear speckles. It is thought to competitively block interactions of the repressor with beta-catenin, resulting in up-regulation of beta-catenin target genes. The encoded protein may also play a role in the NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Expression of this gene may play a role in the proliferation of several types of cancer including thyroid cancer, breast cancer and hematological malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 4

SLC36A4 belongs to the SLC36 family of amino acid transporters based on sequence similarity with other family members (e.g., SLC36A1; MIM 606561). SLC36 proteins contain about 500 amino acids and have 9 to 11 transmembrane domains. Unlike other SLC36 family members, which are proton-coupled amino acid transporters, SLC36A4 is a high-affinity/low-capacity non-proton-coupled amino acid transporter (Pillai and Meredith, 2011 [PubMed 21097500]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011]

solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 1

This gene encodes a member of the eukaryote-specific amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) 1 transporter family. The encoded protein functions as a proton-dependent, small amino acid transporter. This gene is clustered with related family members on chromosome 5q33.1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 2

This gene encodes a pH-dependent proton-coupled amino acid transporter that belongs to the amino acid auxin permease 1 protein family. The encoded protein primarily transports small amino acids such as glycine, alanine and proline. Mutations in this gene are associated with iminoglycinuria and hyperglycinuria. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, y+L system), member 6

Enables L-lysine:L-arginine antiporter activity and arginine binding activity. Involved in L-arginine transmembrane transport; L-leucine transport; and ornithine transport. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 1

Enables L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity; L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity; and L-lysine transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in carboxylic acid transport. Located in apical plasma membrane and basolateral plasma membrane. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

D-amino acid oxidase activator

This gene encodes a protein that may function as an activator of D-amino acid oxidase, which degrades the gliotransmitter D-serine, a potent activator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptors. Studies also suggest that one encoded isoform may play a role in mitochondrial function and dendritic arborization. Polymorphisms in this gene have been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

amino-terminal enhancer of split

The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence to the amino terminus of Drosophila enhancer of split groucho, a protein involved in neurogenesis during embryonic development. The encoded protein, which belongs to the groucho/TLE family of proteins, can function as a homooligomer or as a heteroologimer with other family members to dominantly repress the expression of other family member genes. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Beta-amino acids, renal transport of

solute carrier family 6 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 17

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SLC6 family of transporters, which are responsible for the presynaptic uptake of most neurotransmitters. The encoded vesicular transporter is selective for proline, glycine, leucine and alanine. In mouse, the strongest expression of this gene was in cortical and hippocampal tissues where expression increased during embryonic brain development and peaked postnatally. Defects in this gene cause a form of autosomal recessive intellectual disability. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

solute carrier family 6 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 15

This gene encodes a member of the solute carrier family 6 protein family which transports neutral amino acids. The encoded protein is thought to play a role in neuronal amino acid transport (PMID: 16185194) and may be associated with major depression (PMID: 21521612). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14

This gene encodes a member of the solute carrier family 6. Members of this family are sodium and chloride dependent neurotransmitter transporters. The encoded protein transports both neutral and cationic amino acids. This protein may also function as a beta-alanine carrier. Mutations in this gene may be associated with X-linked obesity. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome X.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, bo,+ system), member 9

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of light subunits of amino acid transporters. This protein plays a role in the high-affinity and sodium-independent transport of cystine and neutral and dibasic amino acids, and appears to function in the reabsorption of cystine in the kidney tubule. Mutations in this gene cause non-type I cystinuria, a disease that leads to cystine stones in the urinary system due to impaired transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids. Alternate transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino)

Enables polyamine oxidase activity. Involved in polyamine metabolic process and positive regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol and peroxisomal matrix. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. Implicated in lung non-small cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, L system), member 8

Enables several functions, including neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity; protein heterodimerization activity; and secondary active transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in L-alanine import across plasma membrane; L-leucine import across plasma membrane; and thyroid hormone transport. Located in basolateral plasma membrane and microvillus membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, y+L system), member 7

The protein encoded by this gene is the light subunit of a cationic amino acid transporter. This sodium-independent transporter is formed when the light subunit encoded by this gene dimerizes with the heavy subunit transporter protein SLC3A2. This transporter is found in epithelial cell membranes where it transfers cationic and large neutral amino acids from the cell to the extracellular space. Defects in this gene are a cause of lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, L system), member 5

Enables L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity and secondary active transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in carboxylic acid transport; thyroid hormone transport; and xenobiotic transport. Located in several cellular components, including apical plasma membrane; cytosol; and microvillus membrane. Part of amino acid transport complex. Implicated in cholangiocarcinoma; colon cancer; hepatocellular carcinoma; and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Biomarker of esophagitis; gastrointestinal system cancer (multiple); malignant astrocytoma (multiple); and respiratory system cancer (multiple). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a cationic amino acid transporter and a member of the APC (amino acid-polyamine-organocation) family of transporters. The encoded membrane protein is responsible for the cellular uptake of arginine, lysine and ornithine. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 3

This gene encodes a member of the solute carrier family 7. The encoded protein is a sodium-independent cationic amino acid transporter. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcripts that encoded the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14 pseudogene

putative L-type amino acid transporter 1-like protein MLAS

GCN1 general control of amino-acid synthesis 1-like 1 (yeast)

Enables several functions, including protein kinase regulator activity; stalled ribosome sensor activity; and ubiquitin-protein transferase regulator activity. Involved in protein-RNA covalent cross-linking repair. Located in cytosol. Is active in cytosolic ribosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 3 pseudogene

C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1-like

branched chain amino-acid transaminase 2, mitochondrial

This gene encodes a branched chain aminotransferase found in mitochondria. The encoded protein forms a dimer that catalyzes the first step in the production of the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

branched chain amino-acid transaminase 1, cytosolic

This gene encodes the cytosolic form of the enzyme branched-chain amino acid transaminase. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible transamination of branched-chain alpha-keto acids to branched-chain L-amino acids essential for cell growth. Two different clinical disorders have been attributed to a defect of branched-chain amino acid transamination: hypervalinemia and hyperleucine-isoleucinemia. As there is also a gene encoding a mitochondrial form of this enzyme, mutations in either gene may contribute to these disorders. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

solute carrier family 43 (amino acid system L transporter), member 2

This gene encodes a member of the L-amino acid transporter-3 or SLC43 family of transporters. The encoded protein mediates sodium-, chloride-, and pH-independent transport of L-isomers of neutral amino acids, including leucine, phenylalanine, valine and methionine. This protein may contribute to the transfer of amino acids across the placental membrane to the fetus. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

solute carrier family 43 (amino acid system L transporter), member 1

SLC43A1 belongs to the system L family of plasma membrane carrier proteins that transports large neutral amino acids (Babu et al., 2003 [PubMed 12930836]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase pseudogene 1

solute carrier family 3 (amino acid transporter heavy chain), member 2

This gene is a member of the solute carrier family and encodes a cell surface, transmembrane protein. The protein exists as the heavy chain of a heterodimer, covalently bound through di-sulfide bonds to one of several possible light chains. The encoded transporter plays a role in regulation of intracellular calcium levels and transports L-type amino acids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

solute carrier family 3 (amino acid transporter heavy chain), member 1

This gene encodes a type II membrane glycoprotein which is one of the components of the renal amino acid transporter which transports neutral and basic amino acids in the renal tubule and intestinal tract. Mutations and deletions in this gene are associated with cystinuria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase

The protein encoded by this gene is a liver enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of C24 bile acids from the acyl-CoA thioester to either glycine or taurine, the second step in the formation of bile acid-amino acid conjugates. The bile acid conjugates then act as a detergent in the gastrointestinal tract, which enhances lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. Defects in this gene are a cause of familial hypercholanemia (FHCA). Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14 pseudogene

solute carrier family 16 (aromatic amino acid transporter), member 10

SLC16A10 is a member of a family of plasma membrane amino acid transporters that mediate the Na(+)-independent transport of aromatic amino acids across the plasma membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, L system), member 5 pseudogene 1

This locus represents a pseudogene of the L-type amino acid transporter 1. Transcripts initiating at this locus read through to downstream SMG1 pseudogene 2 (SMG1P2). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, L system), member 5 pseudogene 2

Predicted to enable transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transport. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter), member 13 pseudogene

solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 3 pseudogene

solute carrier family 6 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 19

This gene encodes a system B(0) transmembrane protein that actively transports most neutral amino acids across the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Mutations in this gene may result in Hartnup disorder, an inherited disease with symptoms such as pellagra, cerebellar ataxia, and psychosis. The expression and function of B0AT1 (SLC6A19) in intestinal cells depends on the presence of the accessory protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which, among other functions, acts as a chaperone for membrane trafficking of B0AT1. The ACE2 is also the cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and for SARS-CoV-2 that is causing the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

solute carrier family 6 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 18

The SLC6 family of proteins, which includes SLC6A18, act as specific transporters for neurotransmitters, amino acids, and osmolytes like betaine, taurine, and creatine. SLC6 proteins are sodium cotransporters that derive the energy for solute transport from the electrochemical gradient for sodium ions (Hoglund et al., 2005 [PubMed 16125675]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

putative L-type amino acid transporter 1-like protein IMAA

nine-amino acid residue-repeats

solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14 pseudogene

D-amino-acid oxidase

This gene encodes the peroxisomal enzyme D-amino acid oxidase. The enzyme is a flavoprotein which uses flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as its prosthetic group. Its substrates include a wide variety of D-amino acids, but it is inactive on the naturally occurring L-amino acids. Its biological function is not known; it may act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids that accumulate during aging. In mice, it degrades D-serine, a co-agonist of the NMDA receptor. This gene may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme)

This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. It encodes a type 1 membrane bound protease that is expressed in many tissues, including neuroendocrine, liver, gut, and brain. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER and then sorts to the trans-Golgi network through endosomes where a second autocatalytic event takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. Like other members of this convertase family, the product of this gene specifically cleaves substrates at single or paired basic residues. Some of its substrates include proparathyroid hormone, transforming growth factor beta 1 precursor, proalbumin, pro-beta-secretase, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, beta subunit of pro-nerve growth factor and von Willebrand factor. It is thought to be one of the proteases responsible for the activation of HIV envelope glycoproteins gp160 and gp140, and may play a role in tumor progression. Unlike SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be uniquely cleaved by this protease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter for alanine, serine, cysteine, and threonine. Defects in this gene have been associated with developmental delay, microcephaly, and intellectual disability. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5

The SLC1A5 gene encodes a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter that can act as a receptor for RD114/type D retrovirus (Larriba et al., 2001 [PubMed 11781704]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011]

dopa decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase)

The encoded protein catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and L-tryptophan to tryptamine. Defects in this gene are the cause of aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD). AADCD deficiency is an inborn error in neurotransmitter metabolism that leads to combined serotonin and catecholamine deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

solute carrier family 7 (neutral amino acid transporter light chain, asc system), member 10

SLC7A10, in association with 4F2HC (SLC3A2; MIM 158070), mediates high-affinity transport of D-serine and several other neutral amino acids (Nakauchi et al., 2000 [PubMed 10863037]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter light chain, xc- system), member 11

This gene encodes a member of a heteromeric, sodium-independent, anionic amino acid transport system that is highly specific for cysteine and glutamate. In this system, designated Xc(-), the anionic form of cysteine is transported in exchange for glutamate. This protein has been identified as the predominant mediator of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus fusion and entry permissiveness into cells. Also, increased expression of this gene in primary gliomas (compared to normal brain tissue) was associated with increased glutamate secretion via the XCT channels, resulting in neuronal cell death. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter), member 13

Predicted to enable L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in amino acid transmembrane transport. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in apical plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

collectrin, amino acid transport regulator

This gene encodes a type 1 transmembrane protein that is important for trafficking amino acid transporters to the apical brush border of proximal tubules. The encoded protein binds to amino acid transporters and regulates their expression on the plasma membrane. It also plays a role in controlling insulin exocytosis by regulating formation of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor) complex in pancreatic beta cells. The extracellular domain of the encoded protein may be cleaved and shed from the plasma membrane specifically in pancreatic beta cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]